Uses: calmative, flu.                                                 

Origin: Bolivia, Brazil, Caribbean, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Honduras, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Philippines, United States, Venezuela.     

-----------

Stem: Thorns used for removing splinters in NW Guyana.

-------------

Origin
Mizoram, Northeast India
Parts used
Rachis
Ailments
Acne

1) Geraldini , Isanete, Journal of Ethnopharmacology v. 173, 2015 . -- p. 383-423

2) Robertt, A., et al.. Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana)/Smithsonian NMNH. cited online: 17-08-2017

3) Birla Kshetrimayum/ Medicinal Plants and Its Therapeutic Uses/ USA: OMICS Group eBooks, 2017. p. 26