ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) Preliminary studies of flavonoids have been realized in five native species from Tafi del Valle (Tucuman, Argentina) used in popular medicine.  Most of compds. detected were flavonoids mono and dihydroxylated in B ring.  Screening for antimicrobial activity against Gram pos. and Gram neg. microorganisms was realized with Lippia turbinata, Satureja parvifolia, Sambucus peruviana, Verbena officinalis, and Chenopodium graveolens.  The total exts. of flavonoids of each plant were tested and 4 species studied showed antimicrobial activity.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Flores, bayas, corteza.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Catártico, diaforético (flores).

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: The most part of superior plants can produce and accumulate secondary metabolites with possible therapeutic activities, but there are a few studies about the native plants used in folk medicine and its curative power from the rain forest. The objective of this work was to identify active compds. in medicinal plants utilized in Itajai Montainrange National Park surroundings and research if such presence compds. have any relation with therapeutic use. It was analyzed leaves exts. from the native plants: A. dentata (penicilin); Leandra sp. ("pixirica"); Elephantopus mollis ("mata-pasto"); Sambucus australis ("sabugueiro"); Tillandsia usneoides ("barba-de-velho") using specifics tests to identify the alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. "Mata-pasto" presented flavonoids, saponins and tannins; "pixirica": tanins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids; penicillin: alkaloids, saponins and tannins; "sabugueiro": alkaloids, flavonoids, tanins, steroids and triterpenoids and in the "barba-de-velho": flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. All plants presented secondary metabolites that suggested some relation between compds. and folk knowledge about medicinal effects..

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: NO de Argentina. 

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Uso:
1. Hinchazón, Riñones, Tos, Contusiones, Próstata, Fiebre, Bronquitis, Fiebre Amarilla / Hojas,  Flores y Tallos, fresco o seco / Té: 5-20g en 1 litro de agua hervido 1 minuto y combinado con Aguardiente.  Tomar 3 veces por semana, a 1 litro, hasta la fiebre pasa. Tomar frío.
2. Susto, Fiebre, Fiebre Amarilla / Hojas, fresco / Tópico / Baño: combinar con Nogal, Hierba del Susto, Manzanilla Blanco y Timolina en un frasco, 2-4 veces al mes. No usar demasiado porque esta muy frio.
3. Inflamación de Riñones, Gastritis / Hojas, fresco / Tópico / Emplasto, una vez al mes.
4. Nervios, Tos, Resfrío, Fiebre, Insomnio / Flores y Hojas, fresco / Oral / Hervir 1 litro de agua, añadir 10g de Sauco, Manzanilla, Hinojo, Coleo, Ajenco, Toronjil, Pimpinela y Claveles. Cubrir y dejar por 2-3 minutos. Paciente debe tomar caliente, 3-4 tazas por día por 1 mes.

1) TOURSARKISSIAN, Martín. Plantas medicinales de Argentina : sus nombres botánicos, vulgares, usos y distribución geográfica.  Buenos Aires : Hemisferio Sur, 1980, p.22.  

2) CLEMES, Sabrina de Moraes; ZENI, Ana Lucia Bertarello; KRETZSCHMARK, Morgana. Chemical evaluation of leaves from medicinal native plants used in Itajai Montainrange National Park and surroundings. Revista Brasileira de Farmacia. 2008, vol.89, nº1, p.10-12.
 
3) HERNANDEZ, N. E.; TERESCHUK, M. L.; ABDALA, L. R. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids in medicinal plants from Tafi del Valle (Tucuman, Argentina). Ethnopharmacology. 2000, vol.73, nº1,2, p.317-322.

4) Lista de plantas/Bussmann, Rainer W; Sharon, Douglas. Graphicart, 2015 .-- p. 75 - 239.