PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Hoja y ramas.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Diuretico , analgesico, antitumoral, antiespasmodico y astringente.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: La infusión de las hojas al 1% es diurética, astringente, estomacal. La decocción delas ramas al 1-2 % es emenagogo.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Se han aislado de las hojas o parte aérea: ácido clorogénico, delta-amirina, taninos, triterpenos quinoides, triterpenos dimeros, flavonoides, ansamacrólidos tipo maitanósidos y glucósidos. Se ha reportado la presencia de los siguientes compuestos específicos: triterpenos-atropcangorosina A, 6`, 7`-dihidroatrop-cangorosina, ácido maytenoico, pristimerina, isopristemerina III, ácido salasperónico, tingenona, isotingenona III, congoaronina, congorosina A y B, friedoolean-5-en-3, beta-29-diol D, friedooleanan-29-ol-3-ona D, ilicifolina, maitenina; diterpenos-(+)-dispermol, maytenoquinona, (-)-dispermol; lactonas-maytanbutina, maytanprina, maytansina y cafeína.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Brasil, Argentina, Uruguay. 

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) This work describes the isolation of the secondary metabolites identified as the quinonemethides maytenin (1) and pristimerin (2) from Maytenus ilicifolia exts. obtained from root barks of adult plants and roots of seedlings and their quantification by high performance liq. chromatog. coupled to a diode array detector.  The electrochem. profiles obtained from cyclic voltammetry and a coulometric detector coupled to high-performance liq. chromatog. contributed to the evaluation of their antioxidant capacity.  The antioxidant properties of individual components and the crude exts. of the root barks of Maytenus ilicifolia were compared and the possible synergistic assocns. of quinonemethide triterpenes and phenolic substances were investigated by using rutin as a model phenolic compd.

2) Maytenus ilicifolia is one of frequently used medicinal plants in Brazil.  Its leaves are used in homemade and industrial medicines for effective treatment of stomach ulcers.  A polygalacturonic acid (PGA) was obtained from its leaves by aq. extn., followed by fractionation via a freezing-thawing process and Fehling pptn.  Methylation anal. and 13C NMR spectroscopy showed PGA to consist of (1-->4)-linked alpha--GalpA repeating units.  It significantly inhibited ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, with an ED50 of 103 mg/kg, suggesting that it has a protective anti-ulcer effect.  This polysaccharide may thus play an important role in the anti-ulcer effect of M. ilicifolia.

3) This computer aided drug design based conformational and potential energy quant. structure activity relationship established to find out best fit conformations with min. potential energy, active structural and mol. sites for strong binding of 3-[3-(N-4-fluorobenzyl-N-2 pyridylamino) propylamino]-4-ethylamino-1, 2, 5- thiazole-1-oxide (C19H23FN6OS) as Histamine H1 receptor antagonist which is previously derived from Cimetidine and extd. by leaves of espinheira santa (Maytenus ilicifolia).  Potential energy calcd. for lower limit by Kitagorodasky potential energy function and in-silico approaches.  This compd. cryst. in monoclinic system, with unit cell dimensions a = 6.686 A°, b = 14.717 A° and c = 20.850 A°, beta = 97.83°.  Present work find out new bond pair (N21-C15) with strong bonding site and suggests that 3-[3-(N-4-fluorobenzyl-N-2 pyridylamino) propylamino]-4-ethylamino-1, 2, 5-thiazole-1-oxide has shown min. potential energy -0.00000983 Kcal/mol as Histamine H1 receptor antagonist at w1 = 280° and w2 = 340°.  It would supports stable and strong binding of antihistaminic compd. to their receptors in allowed active region.  The compd. (C19H23FN6OS) in this active conformation would be helpful for the treatment of allergy and different kind of ulcers such as stomach and duodenum ulcers.

Uses: ound healing, gastritis, antibiotic, inflammation, kidneys.                                                 

Origin: Bolivia, Brazil.   

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Parts Used: whola plant.                                                                                                     

Uses: abdominal pain, wound healing.                                                 

Origin: Barzil.      

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Summary
Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae), also known by the vernacular name of congorosa, is a medicinal plant native to Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Northeastern Argentina. Although this species is used against a wide range of ailments throughout the region, maybe its most reputed use is in the treatment of gastric ulcers and related conditions. This fact has led scientists in the region to focus most of their research efforts in the validation of congorosa in this aspect, and to-date there is enough pharmacological, preclinical and clinical information in order to suggest that this species may be used as an effective and safe antiulcerogenic agent. For this reason, M. ilicifolia has been recently introduced as an antiulcerogenic agent in the province of Misiones Primary Health Care System.

1) 270 (doscientos setenta) plantas medicinales iberoamericanas. Santiago de Bogotá : CYTED-SECAB, 1995, pp.224-227.

2) MOSSI, A.J, et al. Genetic diversity and conservation of native populations of Maytenus Ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss [Diversidade genética de conservação em populações nativas de Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss]. Brazilian Journal of Biology. V. 69 (2 ): 447-453. 2009.

3) ALONSO PAZ, Eduardo ; BASSAGODA, María Julia ; FERREIRA, Fernando. Yuyos : uso racional de las plantas medicinales. 2da. ed. Montevideo : Fin de siglo, 2007, p.62.

4) MACEDO DOS SANTOS, Vania Aparecida de Freitas Formenton, et al. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and synergistic associations of quinonemethide triterpenes and phenolic substances from Maytenus ilicifolia (celastraceae). Molecules. 2010, vol.15,  p.6956-6973.
 
5) CIPRIANI, Thales R, et al. Polygalacturonic acid: Another anti-ulcer polysaccharide from the medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009, vol.78, nº2, p.361-363.
 
6) CHAUDHARY, Atia Masod Ahmed; AKHTAR, Naheed. Three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationships of 3-[3-(N-4-fluorobenzyl-N-2 pyridylamino)propylamino]-4-ethylamino-1, 2, 5- thiazole-1-oxide (histamine H1 receptor antagonist) as an anti-ulcer and anti-allergy. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 2008, vol.5, nº3-4, p.197-210.

7) ALONSO, Jorge R. Tratado de fitomedicina : bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires : ISIS, 1998, p. .419

8) Geraldini , Isanete, Journal of Ethnopharmacology v. 173, 2015 . -- p. 383-423

9) Bueno, Regina Norlene, et al., Acta bot. bras. vol. 19, no. 1, 2005. p.-- 39-44.

10) Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina. Bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud / Jorge Alonso y Cristian Jorge Desmarchelier. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Corpus Libros Médicos y Científicos, 2015.