PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Raíz.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Alexifármaco (antídoto).

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Ten compds. were isolated from Et acetate extn. of Pharbitis nil. Based on the physicochem. and spectral data, they were identified as N-cis-feruloyltyramine (1), N-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyltyramine (2), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (3), N-p-hydroxy-cis-cinnamoyltyramine (4), cinnamoyltyramine (5), tyramine (6), 7-hydroxycoumarin (7), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (8), uracil (9), and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (10). Compds. 1-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Cono Sur. 

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

The transcriptional regulators for anthocyanin biosynthesis include members of proteins containing an R2R3-MYB domain, a bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) domain and conserved WD40 repeats (WDRs). Spacial and temporal expression of the structural genes encoding the enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis is thought to be determined by combinations of the R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WDR factors and their interactions. While the wild-type Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) exhibits blue flowers with colored stems and dark-brown seeds, the c mutants display white flowers with red stems and colored seeds, and the ca mutants exhibit white flowers with green stems and ivory seeds. Here, we characterize the tissue-specific expression of three MYB genes, three bHLH genes and two WDR genes in I. nil. We also show that the recessive c-1 and ca alleles are frameshift mutations caused by a 2 bp deletion and 7 bp insertions in the genes for the R2R3-MYB and WDR transcriptional regulators designated as InMYB1 and InWDR1, respectively. In addition to defects in flower, stem and seed pigmentations, the ca mutants were found to show reduced trichome formation in seeds but to produce leaf and stem trichomes and root hairs normally. Except for the gene for chalcone synthase E in the ca mutant, all structural genes tested were coordinately reduced in both c-1 and ca mutant flower limbs. However, slight but significant expression of the genes for chalcone synthase D, chalcone isomerase and flavanone 3-hydroxylase in the pathway for flavonol biosynthesis was detectable in c-1 and ca mutants, whereas no such residual expression could be observed in other genes involved in the later anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The biological roles of the C-1 and Ca genes in I. nil epidermal traits and their evolutionary implications are also discussed. JSPP © 2006.

Origin:
Throughout India; also occurs as a weed.

Action:
Purgative and bloodpurifier. A substitute for Jalap.
Seeds—antifungal.

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Origin
“Cariri Paraibano”, Brazil
Medicinal indication
Purgative: Roots

1) TOURSARKISSIAN, Martín.-- Plantas medicinales de Argentina : sus nombres botánicos, vulgares, usos y distribución geográfica.-- Buenos Aires : Hemisferio Sur, 1980, p.44.

2) WANG, Jin-lan., et al. Studies on chemical constituents of Pharbitis nil. Tianran Chanwu Yanjiu Yu Kaifa. 2007, vol.19, nº3, p.427-429.
 
3) MORITA, Y., et al. Isolation of cDNAs for R2R3-MYB, bHLH and WDR transcriptional regulators and identification of c and ca mutations conferring white flowers in the Japanese morning glory. Plant and Cell Physiology. 2006, vol.47, nº4, p.457-470.

4) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.

5) M.F. Agra; et al/ Medicinal and poisonous diversity of the flora of “Cariri Paraibano”, Brazil/ Journal of Ethnopharmacology 111 (2007), p. 389.