Origin: Swamps, wet woods, stream margins, and moist areas.

Uses: The bark has been used as an alterative and the powdered drug as an opthalmiatric. In Appalachia, the chewed bark is used to treat wounds and ulcers. The bark has also been used for brown dye.

A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959