Origins: open woods, roadside banks, meadows, thickets, and stream banks.
Uses: This plant, which is extremely poisonous, is a cardioactive drug. It has been used also as a tonic, diuretic, and purgative.
Toxicity: extremely poisonous
A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959