Origins: Upland deciduous forests, roadsides, dry open woods, and rocky banks.

Uses: The root is reportedly used as an astringent, stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, and sedative. According to one authority, the root is also used to treat respiratory ailments. In Europe it has been used to reduce high blood pressure and to treat enlarged spleen. The leaves are used for a tea.

A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959