Origins: Damp woods, thickets, bluffs, and dry woods.
Uses: The bark is used as a tonic, diuretic, and astringent; it is also used to reduce fever. In Appalachia a liquid of boiled root bark is applied to skin irritations.
A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959