DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

Determination of genetic differences and levels of gene expression in mature and old tissues (e.g. wood) is often difficult based on morphological and anatomical characteristics, levels of metabolites or enzymatic activity. The use of molecular markers allows assessment of polymorphic (genetic) variation amongst individuals and between closely related species directly at the DNA level, but such techniques have not been generally applied to the bark and wood of mature trees. In this study we have applied the technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyse the relationship between the bark and variously aged wood zones of Robinia pseudoacacia. The use of micro polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled to silver staining for DNA provided a quick, reliable and sensitive method of detecting polymorphisms. It was necessary to test a small number of ten-base synthetic oligonucleotide primers before arriving at a set of five which clearly identified post-transcriptional differences between bark, sapwood, transition zone and heartwood even in the one individual tree. The variability of the technique, and in particular the origin and quality of the DNA extracted was analysed. We demonstrated that the procedures and protocols developed are applicable to all tissue types tested from bark to the inner heartwood zones. Our results show that RAPDPCR technology is a versatile and sensitive method of detecting genomic changes in trees.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Corteza de la raíz.

ACCION FARMACOLOGICA= Pharmacological action: Purgante, vomitivo.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Chemicals 2',4',2,3,4-PENTAHYDROXYCHALCONE Wood: DUKE1992A ; 2',4',4'-TRIHYDROXYCHALCONE Wood: DUKE1992A ; 2,4-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC-ACID Wood: DUKE1992A ; 3-O-BETA-D-GALACTOFURANOSYL-6-BETA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; 5,7-DIHYDROXY-4'-METHOXYFLAVONE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; 7,3',4'-TRIHYDROXYFLAVAN-3,4-DIOL Wood: DUKE1992A ; ACACETIN Leaf: CRC ; ACACETIN-7-XYLOSIDORHAMNOGLUCOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; ACACIIN Leaf: DUKE1992A ; ALPHA-CELLULOSE Wood 453,000 ppm; DUKE1992A ; ALPHA-TERPINEOL Flower: DUKE1992A ; AMYGDALIN Bark: DUKE1992A ; ANTHRANILIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER Flower: DUKE1992A ; APIGENIN-7-BIOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; APIGENIN-7-RHAMNOXYLOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; APIGENIN-7-TRIOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed 990 - 4,390 ppm DUKE1992A ; ASH Leaf 61,000 - 75,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 40,000 - 47,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; ASPARAGINE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; BEHENIC-ACID Seed 1 ppm; DUKE1992A ; BENZALDEHYDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; BENZYL-ALCOHOL Flower: DUKE1992A ; BETA-SITOSTEROL Flower: DUKE1992A ; BUTEIN Wood: CRC ; BUTIN Wood: DUKE1992A ; CALCIUM Leaf 12,900 - 15,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 19,000 ppm; DUKE1992A CANAVANINE Seed: DUKE1992A CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 350,000 - 465,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 204,000 - 466,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; CAROTENE Leaf 2,090 ppm; DUKE1992A ; DIHYDROROBINETIN Wood 53,000 - 176,000 ppm CRC ; EO Leaf 100 ppm; DUKE1992A ; FARNESOL Flower: DUKE1992A ; FAT Leaf 30,000 - 33,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 108,000 - 133,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; FIBER Leaf 172,000 - 390,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 129,000 - 136,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; FISETIN Wood: DUKE1992A ; FUSTIN Wood: DUKE1992A ; GLUCOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; HELIOTROPINE Flower: DUKE1992A ; HEXEN-3-OL Leaf: DUKE1992A ; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTAMYLHYDROXYABSCICIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A ; INDICAN Leaf: DUKE1992A ; INDOLE Flower: DUKE1992A ; KAEMPFEROL Flower: DUKE1992A ; KAEMPFEROL-7-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; KAEMPFEROL-7-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; KAEMPFEROL-7-BETA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; KAEMPFEROL-7-BETA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A ; LEUCOROBINITINIDINE Wood 62,000 ppm; CRC ; LIGNIN Wood 216,000 ppm; DUKE1992A ; LIGNOCERIC-ACID Seed: DUKE1992A ; LINALOL Flower: DUKE1992A ; LINARIN Leaf: DUKE1992A ; LINOLEIC-ACID Seed 15,900 - 70,490 ppm DUKE1992A ; LINOLENIC-ACID Seed 3,600 - 15,960 ppm DUKE1992A ; LIQUIRITIGENIN Wood: CRC ; METHYL-ANTHRALINATE Flower: DUKE1992A ; NEROL Flower: DUKE1992A ; OLEIC-ACID Seed 7,500 - 33,250 ppm DUKE1992A ; P2O5 Seed 16,500 ppm; DUKE1992A ; PALMITIC-ACID Seed 1,380 - 6,115 ppm DUKE1992A ; PENTOSANS Wood 191,000 ppm; DUKE1992A ; PHASIN Bark: DUKE1992A ; PHOSPHORUS Leaf 2,600 - 3,200 ppm DUKE1992A ; PHYTOSTREOLS Bark: DUKE1992A ; PROTEIN Leaf 170,000 - 255,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 388,000 - 432,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; PYROCATECHIN-TANNINS Bark 20,000 - 70,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; RAFFINOSE Seed 1 ppm; DUKE1992A ; RESIN Bark: DUKE1992A ; RHAMNOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; ROBIN Bark 16,000 ppm; DUKE1992A Root: CRC ; ROBINETIN Wood 20,000 - 80,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; ROBININ Flower: DUKE1992A ; ROBINITIN Bark 30,000 ppm; DUKE1992A ; ROBTEIN Wood: DUKE1992A ; ROBTIN Wood 15,000 ppm; DUKE1992A ; STACHYOSE Seed: DUKE1992A ; STEARIC-ACID Seed 700 - 3,125 ppm DUKE1992A ; SYRINGIN Bark: DUKE1992A ; TANNIN Bark 70,000 ppm; CRC ; TANNINS Wood 33,000 - 70,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; TAXIFOLIN Wood 40,000 ppm; CRC ; TRANS-2-HEXENAL Leaf: DUKE1992A ; UREASE Bark: DUKE1992A ; WATER Seed 103,000 - 115,000 ppm DUKE1992A ; XANTHONE Wood: DUKE1992A ; XYLOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A ; ppm = parts per million tr = trace

ZONA GEOGRAFICA= Geografical zone: Uruguay. 

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Distribución: Regiones Valparaiso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O’Higgins, Maule, Biobio.

Usos medicinales: Tradicionalmente, sus flores se usan en infusion como calmante para dolores musculares y para aromatizar pomadas y agua de colonia.

Origin

Western Himalayas and Jammu & Kashmir.

Action:

Leaves—laxative, antispasmodic (an infusion is prescribed in digestive disorders).

Flowers— diuretic, antispasmodic.

1) GONZALEZ, Matías ; LOMBARDO, Atilio ; VALLARINO, Aida.-- Plantas de la medicina vulgar del Uruguay.-- Montevideo : Talleres Gráficos,1937, p.8.

2) Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases [en línea]. [Consultada:2 de diciembre, 2008]. Disponible en:http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/

3) De Filippis, L. ; Magel, E. Differences in genomic DNA extracted from bark and from wood of different zones in Robinia trees using RAPD-PCR. Trees - Structure and Function.1998, vol12,nº6, p. 377-384.

4) Plantas silvestres comestibles y medicinales de Chile y otras partes del mundo/Cordero R., Sebastián; Abella A., Lucía; Galvez L. Francisca; Corporación chilena de la madera: Concepción, 2017 . -- 292 p.

5) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p 554.