DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

The control of bolting time in onion is an important approach for bulb and seed production, as onion plants which bolt do not produce marketable bulbs and seed yields are dependent on floral induction. However, genetic and molecular studies about bolting time in onion plants have not been examined yet to date. In order to understand the regulation of bolting time in onion plants, we conducted the genetic crosses between late bolting-type cultivar (MOS8) and very early bolting-type cultivar (Guikum). Segregation ratio of late to very early in F2 populations indicated that this lateness trait was determined by a dominant locus. We also analyzed protein profiles in onion plants with different bolting time by a proteomics approach. Interestingly, a protein spot with significant similarities to chromodomains of mammalian chromo-ATPase/helicase-DNA-binding 1 or heterochromatin protein 1, which is involved in the histone modifications, was identified. Histone methyltransferase activity was also observed in onion plants. Taken together, these results suggest that a genetic pathway may be involved in the modulation of bolting time in onion plants, though there is no direct evidence that this protein spot obtained by proteomics is relevant to vernalization. © 2009 The Botanical Society of Korea.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Jugo.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: tiene propiedades estomacales, espectorantes, vermífugas, diuréticas, antiinflamatorias, antirreumáticas, cosmética y litróntica.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Compuestos sulfurados: alicina, capaena-1 y derivados cíclicos del hexano, butano y etiltritiahexano. Sustancias proteicas: aliína, 2-carboxipropilglutatión. Compuestos alicíclicos: Derivados de la ciclopentadiona. Aceite esencial (0,015%): Al igual que el ajo contiene disulfuro de alilpropilo (proveniente de la alicina y su antecesor, aliína) y metil-aliltrisulfuro. Flavonoides: quercetina. Otros: fructosanos (10-40%), agua (87%), azúcares reductores, sacarosa (muy pequeña cantidad), glucoquinina, pectina, inulina, acroleína, adenosina (alcaloide), arbutina (un benzenoide), oxalato de calcio, trazas de vitaminas A y B, vitamina C (8-10%), ácido trihidroxi-octadecenoico, minerales, enzimas (diastasas, oxidosas), difenilamina, aldehido tiopropiónico, etc. Las hojas también contienen vitamina C, incluso tres veces más que en el bulbo. Composición Alimentaria por 100 gramos: calorías 33 (cocida 17, fríta 300), proteínas 1,3; grasas totales 0,3; hidratos de carbono metabolizables 6,2; fibra 3,1; agua 87%, colesterol 0; potasio 175mg, sodio 9mg; calcio 27mg; fósforo 42mg; magnesio 11mg; hierro 0,5mg; flúor 0,04mg; azufre 68mg; provitamina A 33ug; vit. E 0,1mg, complejo B 0,40mg; vitamina C 24mg; purinas 9mg; nitratos 20mg; yodo 2ug; cinc 1400ug; cobre 80ug; manganeso 230ug; cromo 16 y selenio 1ug.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Uruguay. 

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Enfermedad o síntoma
Tos

Parte utilizada
Cáscaras del bulbo

Forma de preparación
Infusión con algarrobo negro y miel

Modo de administración
Vía oral

Origen
Tucumán, Argentina

Onion: asthma, to clear the lungs

Uses: local pain, flu, cough, tetanus                                                 

Origin:  Belize, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, United States               

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Bulb: Guyana uses: Eaten raw or boiled to strengthen the lungs. Onion boiled with bread and milk is applied to swellings of Guinea worm, after which the patient drinks a decoction comprised of garlic, black pepper, flowers of sulphur, and a quart of rum thrice daily in small dosage
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Range. Original range unknown; now only known in cultivation. Cultivated in all parts of Myanmar with the exception of the extremely cold regions.

Uses
Root (Bulb): Used in the treatment of flatulence, dysentery, and as a stimulant, diuretic and expectorant. Sweet and hot with some heating and diuretic properties, the onion is used to control flatulence, phlegm, fever and cough. It is also used to relieve nausea, stimulate the appetite, and fortify semen. Adults eat onion bulbs raw to alleviate urine blockages, but children with the same condition have roasted bulbs applied while still warm over the body area near the bladder. Children also drink onion juice mixed with sugar and chilled as a sherbet drink for diarrhea and infections that cause burning during urination. Mixed with a bit of sugar, half a tablespoon of fresh onion juice is ingested to treat bleeding hemorrhoids. Mixed with a bit of salt, onion juice is applied as eyedrops to alleviate night-blindness. For ear infections, either the warm juice of roasted onions or the juice of unroasted onions are used as eardrops. The milky liquid from cut onions, mixed with edible lime, is applied to scorpion sting to neutralize the venom. The onion is also used in mixtures to treat trembling and weakness in men (illness not specified in Agriculture Corporation 1980), thinness and weakness in women (illness not specified in Agriculture Corporation 1980), pain from flatulence, and illnesses that cause chest pain.

Seed: To increase vitality, onion seeds are crushed and ingested.
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Origin:
Cultivated as an annual all over the country. The most important onion-growing states are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh., Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.

Action:
Antibiotic, antibacterial, antisclerotic, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, expectorant, carminative, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive, antidiabetic.

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Origin:

Nigeria

Part used

bulbs, leaves

Medicinal uses

cough, diuretic, antihelminthic

1) GONZALEZ, Matías ; LOMBARDO, Atilio ; VALLARINO, Aida. Plantas de la medicina vulgar del Uruguay. Montevideo : Talleres Gráficos, 1937, p.38.

2) ALONSO, Jorge R. Tratado de fitomedicina : bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires : ISIS, 1998, pp.371-376.

3) HYUN, D.Y., et al. Genetic and Molecular Studies for Regulation of Bolting Time of Onion (Allium cepa L.) . Journal of Plant Biology. Article in Press. 2009, p.1-7.

4) Barret, Bruce Economic Botany vol. 48, nro. 1 .-- p. 8-20 1994

5) Geraldini , Isanete, Journal of Ethnopharmacology v. 173, 2015 . -- p. 383-423

6) Ceballos, Sergio J.; Perea Mario C./ Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol 13, no 1, 2014. - p. 47 - 68

7) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

8) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.

9) Abd El-Ghani1, Monier M./ Traditional medicinal plants of Nigeria: an overview: Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2016, 7(5): 220-247. - p. 235.