Range. Tropical Africa and Asia. In Myanmar, along the banks of streams and rivers and along sand bars.

Use. Root: Crushed root with water and pressed into aching tooth to cure tooth­aches. Crushed with the root of the cotton plant to neutralize snake venom. Either the seeds or the root can be made into a paste with water to neutralize scorpion venom. Crushed, slightly warmed and rubbed to cure stiff and aching thighs and calves. Pow­dered root together with honey will cure skin diseases and leprosy. The root is used as an inhaler for treating epileptic fits.

Flower: Crushed with milk and taken everyday to cure kidney stones. Stir fried with sesame oil to regulate menstruation. The flow­ers are used in making medicines to cure cholera.

Latex: Rubbed and massaged on aching and stiff knees. Crushed with the bark of hsu-byu (Thevetia peruviana) and applied around the navel and over the bladder to cure retention of urine. Made into a paste with turmeric to treat face discolorations. The latex and the sap of thanat-taw (Garcinia heterandra) can be made into a paste can reduce swelling of hives and other bumps on the skin. A paste made with shein-kho (Gardenia resinifera) can reduce unbearable pain.

Stem: Used as medicine to treat internal hemorrhoids. The dried branch can ignited and the fumes inhaled to cure headaches and stiffness in the neck and back.

Leaf: The juice from crushing the can be put into the ears to cure earaches. The juice from the crushed leaves taken with a bit of salt will reduce phlegm, asthma, stomach disorders, and distended stomach. Making up ointments to treat paralysis and strokes, and inflammation of joints.

------------

Origin:
An evergreen shrub distributed in West and Central India.

Action:
The plant is used against bronchial asthma (especially flowers with black pepper).
Leaves—used for treating chronic cases of dyspepsia, flatulence, constipation and mucus in stool.
Seed oil— geriatric and tonic.
Leaves, flowers and root-bark oil—antimicrobial (maximum activity in leaves). The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicated the use of the root and leaf in asthma and dyspnoea; stem bark in diseases of the spleen.
------------

Origin

Africa

Folk medicinal uses

Bark — An infusion of bark powder is used in the treatment of leprosy.

The milky sap is used as a rubefacient and is also strongly purgative and caustic.

The root bark is an emetic

Flower a digestive, stomachic and tonic used for asthma and catarrh.

----------------------------

Origin:

Nigeria

Part used

leaves,root,bark,latex

Medicinal uses

Elephantiasis,leprosy

------------------

Origin
Mizoram, Northeast India
Parts used
-Leaf: Eczema, snake bite, carbuncle
-Latex: Ringworm
-Root: Leprosy

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.

3) Abd El-Ghani1, Monier M./ Traditional medicinal plants of Nigeria: an overview: Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2016, 7(5): 220-247. - p. 224.

4) Birla Kshetrimayum/ Medicinal Plants and Its Therapeutic Uses/ USA: OMICS Group eBooks, 2017. p. 26