Range. India to Java. In Myanmar, found in Bago, Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, and Yangon.

Uses
This astringent, sharp, and bitter plant is used to improve digestion, relieve gas, and stimulate taste buds, as well as to alleviate paralysis, trembling, male-related disorders leading to excessive semen, and gonorrhea. It is also used for other venereal diseases, hy­pertension, anemia, heart palpitations, impotence, and lack of semen.

Leaf: Fresh juice used in medicines for eye conditions.

Leaf, Root: Used as sedative.

Root: Remedies made from the root are well known for reducing blood pressure, especially in young people with anxiety-related palpitations and hypertension. Root remedies are also used as a tranquilizer to calm aggression, restlessness, and excitability in patients with mental disorders. In ad­dition, the root is used in tonics, sleeping aids, carminatives, fever reducers, and poison neutralizers. Pulverized root, in equal amounts with shein-kho (Gardenia resinifera), eik­thara-muli (Euonymus kachinensis), and hsay-dan (Hygrophila phlomoides), is either crushed with one betel (Piper betle) leaf or mixed with sesame oil and applied all over an infant’s body (with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet) as an inhaled therapy to relieve bronchitis and vomiting. Alternatively, the powder on a person’s warmed hands is applied as a chest rub for children. It is noted that following use of medicine made from this plant, the patient should eat foods with heating properties and bathe regularly.

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Origin

The sub-Himalayas tract from Punjab to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Western Ghats and the Andamans.

Action:

Root—decoction is employed to increase uterine contractions and for expulsion of foetus in difficult cases. The total alkaloidal extract of the root induces bradycardia, hypotension, sedation. It finds application in hypochondria, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychosis and schizophrenia.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p 539.