Range. Subtropical and tropical. Found from India to tropical China, south into Southeast Asia. Found growing naturally throughout Myanmar up to 1220 m altitude.

Uses
Bark: A mixture of the bark powder with the juice of ginger and honey is given for asthma and bronchitis. The filtered liquid made from this powder is soaked in hot water for 2 hours and taken morning and night for chronic indigestion. The water from soaked bark is used as a mouthwash to relieve dry throat and cracked skin around the mouth. Bark of trunk and root used as an astringent and a tonic in dysen­tery, diarrhea, and rheumatism.

Leaf: The juice is taken as a remedy for opium toxicity. Leaves are boiled and eaten to stimulate bowel movements.

Fruit: Boiled or roasted, it is taken for indigestion, goiter, flatulence and hemorrhoids. It is eaten in a salad to alle­viate boils on the skin. A mixture of fruit cooked with chicken is eaten to cure asthma. Consuming the fruit cooked with banded snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) is considered a cure for cholera that gives vitality as well as curing indigestion and diar­rhea. As a remedy for palpitations or fatigue brought on by a weak heart, a mixture of fruit cooked with prawns is eaten. To reduce edema, increase weight, and strengthen a weak heart, a mixture of the fruit and hilsa fish (Hilsa ilisha) is eaten. A combination of the fruit cooked with the fish nga-mway-toh (Mastacembelus armatus) is ingested to cure dysentery associated with weakness in men and menstruation in women, as well as hemorrhoids.

Root: A paste formed from grinding is applied to treat sores that continue to fester even though the skin has healed. Root bark is used to treat fever, joint pain, stomach bloating, and stomach pain.

-----------

Origin

Throughout the greater part of India.

Action:

Tender fruit—carminative, stomachic, spasmolytic.

Seed— purgative.

Root bark—astringent, antidiarrhoeal. Used for amoebic dysentery.

Bark—antirheumatic, diuretic.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p  455.