Range. In Asia, found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam; also Indian Ocean- Andaman Islands. In Myanmar, found growing naturally throughout the country, but also cultivated.

Uses
Bark: Used to treat asthma and bronchitis. Mixed with other medicinal ingredi­ents to neutralize snake venom.

Leaf: Ingested to prevent formation of calluses and to con­trol gas, as well as to treat indigestion and bleeding gums.

Leaf and Root: Bitter and astrin­gent, they are employed to correct irregularities in the blood, treat gas and bile problems, relieve coughs, stimulate appetite, and alleviate female disorders.

Root: Made into a paste, together with the gall bladder of a python, and used to cure tongue sores or roughness. Also, an ingredient in medicines used to treat urinary disorders and enlargement of the testicles.

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Origin:
Throughout India; ascending to 1700m in the Himalayas.

Action:
Bark—antibilious, antiasthmatic.

Leaf—stomachic, styptic (for bleeding gum), antiseptic (for scalding of  urine). A decoction of young leaves is taken for body pain, headache and fever.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.