Range. Origin uncertain, probably tropical Africa or Asia. In Myanmar, found in Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, and Yangon.

Uses
Whole plant: The powder and the powder of eikthara-mooli (Aristolochia indica) can be mixed and taken to neutralize snake venom.

Leaf: Crushed and placed on abscess on the tip of the finger and bound with moist bandage to treat infection.

Root: Mixed with roots from other medicinal plants to make medicines to treat edema. Roasted, made into a powder and taken with warm water to treat inflammation of the liver, inflammation of the spleen and general edema. Used in making medicines to prevent miscarriage, and to treat lumps on the throat, passing and hemorrhaging of blood, vitiligo, and cataracts. Juice from the male root is taken with cold milk to treat chronic coughing.

Bark, Root: Used as purgative and diuretic.

Flowers: Crushed together with milk and the juice used to paint circles around the eyes to treat sore eyes associated with infantile diseases.

Fruit: Juice from the green fruit can be tipped into the nostrils to cure headaches that affect only one side of the head.

Seeds: Used to treat inflammation of the testes, and hiccups.

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Origin:
Throughout India in tropical areas; also cultivated in hedges.

Action:
Root— cathartic like jalap. Roots cause gripe and tenesmus, hence not recommended as purgative. Used in ascites.
Root bark—diuretic (infusion used in irritation of bladder and urethra).
Root juice—given in cold milk to liquefy phlegm in chronicbronchitis.
The root, bark, seeds and leaves—used for gastric acidity.The root is administered with honey as a general tonic to children for improving mental faculty.

Toxicity:
Roots cause gripe andtenesmus, hence not recommendedas purgative.
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Origin:

Nigeria

Part used

roots,leaves,seeds

Medicinal uses

gonorrhoea,ulcer

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.

3) Abd El-Ghani1, Monier M./ Traditional medicinal plants of Nigeria: an overview: Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2016, 7(5): 220-247. - p. 233.