Range. Asia; cultivated in many places. Plant found throughout Myanmar; culti­vated as an ornamental plant.

Uses
Whole plant: The bark, five parts, flowers, and leaves are used in preparations that stimulate weight gain, promote fetal growth, inhibit hemorrhoid formation, alleviate female disorders, prevent hair loss, and reduce fevers. The boiled five parts are used for spleen prob­lems.

Bark: In particular, used in medicines to treat eye problems, bronchitis, fever, and skin disorders.

Flower: Boiled and taken together with the liquid from boiling to alleviate joint inflammation.

Leaf: Juice from the crushed leaves- taken with honey or sugar for gall bladder problems and chronic fevers; with a bit of salt, used as a de worming medicine; with a bit of fresh ginger, taken as a malaria cure; ingested to neutralize venom from snakebite; also used to relieve diarrhea and loose bowels in infants. After cooling, water from briefly boiling the leaves is given to infants for fever and sickness. For muscle strain in the buttocks, leaves are simmered over low heat in water and ingested. A preparation of the leaves crushed together with black pepper is taken to relieve excessive menstruation. A reduction of the leaves boiled in water to half the starting volume is taken for excessive urination. Topically the crushed leaves- are applied to treat ringworm; together with milk, applied to relieve itching and rashes.
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Origin

Outer Himalaya, Assam, West Bengal; cultivated in many parts of India.

Action:

Leaves—bitter tonic, cholagogue, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, respiratory stimulant. Used for fevers, rheumatism, obstinate sciatica.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p  442.