Range. China, Hong Kong, Taiwan; Japan- Ryukyu Islands; India; Indochina, My­anmar, Thailand; Malesia. In Myanmar, found in Bago, Mandalay, Magway, and Yangon.

Use
Root: Alterative (restores to normal health).

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Origin

The Himalaya, from Simla westwards to Assam and southwards to Kanyakumari.

Action:

Leaves—an extract is given as an astringent in haemorrhoids and gall stones.

Seeds—demulcent; given in diarrhoea and dysentery.

Root—prescribed as a mouthwash to cure toothache. A decoction of the herb is used in the treatment of headache.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p 261.