Range. Native to southern India; cultivated widely in the tropics. Cultivated in Myanmar.

Use
Seed: Used to cure headaches. Eat roasted seeds with medicines to cure uri-nary disorders. Together with the roots of peik-chin (Piper longum) can be made into a powder, mixed with butter to cure heart disease. Used to make into medicines to treat irregular menstruation and menopause symptoms. Used to make into smallpox medicines. Crushed and mixed with honey to treat coughing, asthma, and sore throat.

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Origin:
Cultivated either as pure plantation crop, or as subsidiary to coffee and arecanut in hilly forests regions of Western Ghats in Karnataka and Kerala, and in parts of Madurai, the Nilgiris and Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu.

Action:
Carminative antiemetic, stomachic, orexigenic, anti-gripe, antiasthmatic, bechic,
Oil— antispasmodic, antiseptic. Used for flatulence, loss of appetite, colic, bronchitis, asthma.
Paste used as balm for headache, husk for rheumatism.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.