PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Raíz. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Anticefalálgico. 

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Os resultados de seu estudo fitoquímico registran a presença em sua área, da quercitrina, um flavonoide glicosídico, alem de taninos, saponinas, resinas e óleo esencial, bem como dos diterpenos inulina e rutina, ácido químico, ramnosideos e ácidocaféico, clorogénico e hidrocinámico e seu derivados, nas raízes. 

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: América austral.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of an aq. ext. (AE), and its butanolic (BuOH) and aq. residual (AR) fractions, derived from the rhizome of Solidago chilensis in inflammation caused by carrageenan in mice.  Solidago chilensis Meyen rhizome was extd. using hot water at 90° under infusion.  The ext. was filtered and lyophilized.  Part of the aq. ext. was fractionated with n-BuOH, resulting in butanolic (BuOH) and aq. residual (AR) fractions.  Adult Swiss mice were used in the in-vivo expts.  We evaluated the effect of rhizome aq. ext. of Solidago chilensis and these two derived fractions on the inflammation induced by carrageenan in the mouse model of the air pouch.  The aq. ext. and its derived fractions significantly inhibited leukocytes, neutrophils, exudation, myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, as well as nitric oxide, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), neutrophil chemokine (KC) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels (P < 0.05).  Indomethacin and dexamethasone inhibited all the studied inflammatory parameters (P < 0.01) with the exceptions that indomethacin did not inhibit TNF-alpha levels and dexamethasone did not inhibit KC levels (P > 0.05).  These results indicate that Solidago chilensis has a significant anti-inflammatory action on acute inflammatory responses and that its inhibitory activity may be due not only to the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, but also to the inhibition of leukocyte infiltration.

2) The labdane diterpene solidagenone and its semisynthetic and biotransformations products were assessed for gastroprotective effect in the HCl×EtOH-induced lesions in mice.  At 100 mg/kg, solidagenone presented a statistically significant gastroprotective effect comparable to lansoprazole at 20 mg/kg.  The presence of the furan ring was required for the activity of solidagenone while hydroxylation at C-3 or C-6 afforded products with different activity assocd. with the stereochem.  Solidagen-6beta-ol and 3alpha-hydroxysolidagenone presented higher activity than solidagenone itself, while its epimers were inactive.

3) Volatile constituents of the essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Solidago chilensis Meyen were analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS and 13C-NMR and thirty-six different compds. were identified.  Pumiloxide, an unusual labdane diterpene, was found to be one of the major components in both oils (15.3% and 12.3%, resp.).  Other important constituents were limonene and several sesquiterpenes, mainly g-cadinene.  The antifungal activity of the leaf oil was assayed against five different strains of filamentous fungi and one yeast.  Paper disk agar diffusion test showed human pathogenic dermatophytes to be the most sensitive.

Summary
South American goldenrod (Solidago chilensis – Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant mostly used in Argentina, Chile and Southern Brazil. The main uses of this species are as a sedative, diuretic, and vulnerary (topical use). To-date, research indicates that, due to its high stability, the essential oil could be of interest in cosmetics. Some results have also been interesting in the field of infectology (dermatological level) and gastric ulcers. Recent studies have also shown anti-inflammatory activity.

1) TOURSARKISSIAN, Martín. Plantas medicinales de Argentina : sus nombres botánicos, vulgares, usos y distribución geográfica. Buenos Aires : Hemisferio Sur, 1980, 178p.

2) LORENZI, Harri; MATOS, José de Abreu. Plantas medicinais no brasil: nativas e exóticas . Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 2002. p.170.

3) LIZ, Rafael, et al. The anti-inflammatory modulatory role of Solidago chilensis Meyen in the murine model of the air pouch. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology . 2008, vol.60, nº4, p.515-521.
 
4) SCHMEDA-HIRSCHMANN, Guillermo; RODRIGUEZ, Jaime; ASTUDILLO, Luis. Gastroprotective activity of the diterpene solidagenone and its derivatives on experimentally induced gastric lesions in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology . 2002, vol.81, nº1, p.111-115.
 
5) VILA, Roser; MUNDINA, et al. Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Solidago chilensis. Planta Medica . 2002, vol.68, nº2, p.164-167

6) ALONSO, Jorge ; DESMARCHELIER, Cristian. Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina : bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud.  Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A, 2005, p. 558.

7) Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina. Bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud / Jorge Alonso y Cristian Jorge Desmarchelier. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Corpus Libros Médicos y Científicos, 2015.