ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) The aq. exts. of aerial parts of Baccharis trimera, B. crispa and B. usterii (Asteraceae) displayed significant radical scavenging activity in a diphenylpicrylhydrazole (DPPH)/TLC assay.  In order to rapidly identify the active principles, the crude exts. were analyzed by HPLC-UV, and an HPLC-micro-fractionation of the ext. of B. usterii was performed.  Six quinic acids derivs. (1-6) were isolated from B. usterii by medium-pressure liq. chromatog. (MPLC).  The fractions were monitored by DPPH/TLC assay and a series of radical-scavenging quinic acid derivs. could be identified.  The comparison of the HPLC profiles of the exts. of B. usterii, B. trimera and B. crispa was performed.  In order to obtain complementary online structural information for all peaks of interest, HPLC-MS/MS together with HPLC-UV involving post-column addn. of UV shift reagents was undertaken on the crude ext.  The interpretation of these data permitted the online identification of known compds., some of which are reported for the first time in this plant.

2) Samples of the essential oil from B. salicifolia Pers, and B. crispa Spreng, collected in the province of Cordoba (Argentina) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS.  The major constituents were B. salicifolia alpha-cadinol (9.4%), germacrene-D (8.8%) and B. crispa trans-nerolidol (27.0%).

Uses: diabetic, cholesterol, malaise, local pain, fever, malaria, uric acid, bile, belly ache, stomach, liver, poor digestion, constipation, dryness, worm,
eight loss, flu, inflammation, diuretic                                                

Origin: Bolivia, Brazil.                 

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Parte aérea. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Tónico amargo, estomacal, hepatoprotector, antidispéptico, contra la gastroenteritis, febrífugo, antidiarrérico, antihelmíntico, emenagogo, para empleo en anorexia y astenia. 

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: En la parte aérea de la planta se han registrado los siguientes compuestos: 5-hidroxi+4`, 7-dimetoxiflavona,3`,5-hidroxi-4`-7-dimetoxiflavona; apigenina, 3`,4`,7-trio-O-metil luteolina y aceite esencial, cuyos componentes son alfa-pineno, beta-cariofileno, cis-cariofileno, beta-cubebeno, alfa-elemeno y gama-elemeno. En la planta entera: deoxibacrispina, 4`,7-dimetilapigenina, genkwanina y ácido hautriwaico. 

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Argentina. 

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Parte utilizada:
Hojas y tallos jóvenes.
Propiedades:
Tónico, aperitivo y eupéptico. También es febrífugo, antimicrobiano, vermífugo y hepatoprotector.
Indicaciones:
Se emplea para combatir la anemia, y en trastornos digestivos (diarreas y mala digestión).
En cálculos biliares y hepáticos, enfermedades de la vejiga, del hígado y de los riñones.
Debido a su efecto disolvente, diurético y depurativo, es excelente en caso de gota, llagas venéreas, inclusive en casos de lepra. En uso externo (gárgaras) está indicado en anginas y faringitis.

1) 270 (doscientos setenta) plantas medicinales iberoamericanas. Santiago de Bogotá : CYTED-SECAB, 1995, p.75-76.

2) SIMOES-PIRES, Claudia A., et al.  Isolation and On-line identification of antioxidant compounds from three Baccharis species by HPLC-UV-MS/MS with post-column derivatisation. Phytochemical Analysis. 2005, vol.16, nº5, p.307-314.
 
3) ZUNINO, M. P., et al.  Composition of the essential oil of Baccharis crispa Spreng. and Baccharis salicifolia Pers. grown in Cordoba (Argentina). Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 1997, vol.12, nº6, p.405-407.

4) Geraldini , Isanete, Journal of Ethnopharmacology v. 173, 2015 . -- p. 383-423

5) María Stella Cáceres A.; et al./ MANUAL DE USO DE HIERBAS MEDICINALES
DEL PARAGUAY/ Fundación Celestina de Pérez Almada con apoyo de Unesco Montevideo. p. 49.