ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) In the current study, we evaluated total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (by using b -carotene bleaching assay), and antibacterial activity of aq. and methanol exts. of the aerial part of the Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) naturally grown in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.  The aerial part of the plant had high total phenolic content (56.31 m g/mg DW).  The antioxidant activity of aq. and methanol exts. of the aerial part of R. crispus L., BHA, and BHT were found to be 92.35%, 95.49%, 98.16%, and 96.66%, resp.  Although the antioxidant activity of the aq. and methanol exts. of R. crispus was lower than that of the BHA and BHT, the difference between these was not statistically significant, p < 0.05.  The methanol ext. possessed strong antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas corrugate, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia liquefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia frederiksenii, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.  Therefore, the aerial part of R. crispus can be used as an effective and safe source of antioxidants and antibacterial agent.

2) The methanol extract of ripe Rumex crispus L. fruits was evaluated for its antioxidant potential by assays for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and the influence on lipid peroxidation in liposomes (LP).  Considerable activity was observed in all test systems (FRAP: 9.9 mmol Fe(2+) /g; DPPH IC(50) : 3.7 mg/mL; LP IC(50) : 4.9 mg/mL), comparable to that of BHT (FRAP: 8.0 mg/mL; DPPH IC(50) : 19.4 mg/mL; LP IC(50) : 3.5 mg/mL), but lower than the activity of ascorbic acid, rutin and quercetin, used as positive control substances.  The in vivo effects were evaluated in several hepatic antioxidant systems (activities of LPx, GSH-Px, Px, CAT and XOD, as well as GSH content), after treatment with the studied yellow dock extract in different doses, or in combination with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ).  Pretreatment with the R. crispus extract inhibited CCl(4) -induced oxidative stress by decreasing LPx and increasing GSH content in a dose dependent manner, bringing the levels of antioxidant enzymes to near control values.  Copyright Ó 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Hojas. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Antianemico, remineralizante, vitamínico, expectorante, protector capilar, aperitivo, diurético, laxante, antidiarreico y hemostático local. 

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: 1 cucharadita de postre por taza, dos tazas al día. 

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Tiene un alto contenido en ácido oxálico y oxalatos. antraquinonas(emodinas). Trazas de aceite esencial. Taninos (7-15 %). Flavonoides: quercitina, vitexina. Sales de hierro (1.5 %). Vitamina C.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Mexico. 

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Distribución: Regiones Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O’Higgins, Maule, Nuble, Biobio, Araucania, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aysen, Magallanes. Archipielago Juan Fernandez. Isla de Pascua.

Usos medicinales: Se usa en infusion como refrescante y emoliente. La infusion de la raiz se usa como laxante y para fiebres intermitentes. La cataplasma de las hojas molidas o cocidas se usa para aliviar todo tipo de ulceras, especialmente ulceras varicosas.

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Usos medicinales: La sal que contiene el jugo de sus tallos puede usarse para reemplazar la sal y consecuentemente mitigar la hipertension arterial.

Distribución: Regiones Arica y Parinacota, Tarapaca, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O’Higgins, Maule, Nuble, Biobio, Araucania, Los Rios, Los Lagos.
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Partes usadas:
raíz-hojas- tallos

Usos tradicionales
a) uso interno: diarrea; trastornos de las vías urinarias.
La infusión se prepara con 1 cucharada del vegetal para 1 litro de agua recién hervida: beber 1 taza 3 veces en el día.
b) uso externo: heridas infectadas, erupciones cutáneas. Usar la misma infusión o preparar otra más concentrada con 1 cucharada del vegetal para 1 taza de agua.

Efecto: anti-inflamatorio, antiséptico, astringente, cicatrizante, depurativo.

Precauciones: no usar en el embarazo; las personas con tendencia a formar cálculos renales o vesiculares no deben consumir esta planta.

Origins: Pastures, fields, and waste lands.

Uses: The roots of this plant are reportedly valuable as an astringent and mild laxative. In Appalachia, the root is placed in vinegar and the wash is used to treat ringworm; the leaves are used in a poultice to treat hives.

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Origin

Native to Europe; found in Mt. Abu.

Action:

Root—used as a laxative in rheumatism, bilious disorders, and as an astringent in piles and haemorrhagic affections; also used for skin eruptions, chronic skin diseases, scrofula, scurvy, congested liver and jaundice. Acts like Sarsaparilla when used for scrofulous skin affections and glandular swellings.

Seeds— astringent. Used for dysentery.

1) Fitoterapia : vademecum de prescripción. 4ª  ed. Barcelona : Masson, 2003, p.88.

2) CORUH, Irfan, et al. Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Rumex crispus Grown Wild in Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology (New York, NY, United States). 2008, vol.46, nº9, p.634-638.
 
3) MAKSIMOVIC, Zoran, et al. Antioxidant activity of yellow dock (Rumex crispus L., Polygonaceae) fruit extract. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2011, vol.25, nº1, p.101-105.

4) ALONSO, Jorge R. Tratado de fitomedicina : bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires : ISIS, 1998, p. 148.

5) Plantas silvestres comestibles y medicinales de Chile y otras partes del mundo/Cordero R., Sebastián; Abella A., Lucía; Galvez L. Francisca; Corporación chilena de la madera: Concepción, 2017 . -- 292 p.

6) Plantas silvestres comestibles y medicinales de Chile y otras partes del mundo/Cordero R., Sebastián; Abella A., Lucía; Galvez L. Francisca; Corporación chilena de la madera: Concepción, 2017 . -- 292 p.

7) A guide to medicinal plants of  Appalachia/ Krochmal, Arnold; Walter, Russel S.; Doughty, Richard M.: USA: U.S.D.A Forest Service:,1959

8) Hierbas medicinales/ Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura.  p.64

9) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p 563.