PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Los frutos.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Antidiarreico, demulcente y antiflamatorio.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: Uso alimentario, uso topico : aplicado en forma de emplastos calientes.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Almidón (75 %): compuesto basicanmente por amilopectina y b-amilosa, albuminoides, vitaminas (B1 en la cascara), proteinas (0,7%) , grasas, glatutina, celulosa.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone:  Mundial. 

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

Phytic acid (PA) and its derivs. contain the major portion of phosphorus in the cereal seed and chelates divalent cations.  During germination, both minerals and phosphate are released upon phytase-catalyzed degrdn. of PA.  In this study, a phytase gene classified into histidine acid phosphatase type in rice referred to OsPHY2 was characterized.  OsPHY2 is 2060 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 519 amino acids.  OsPHY2 contains HP_HAP_like domain, a 24-aa signal peptide at the N-terminal and was targeted to the cytoplasm membrane after ER sorted.  Phylogenetic anal. suggests that OsPHY2 shares high similarity to the phytase genes in wheat and a subset of genes without characterized functions in other plant species.  During the seed germination, the transcripts of OsPHY2 were much more detected in the germinated seeds than in the primary roots and the leaves.  Prokaryotic expressed OsPHY2 has a strong function on degrdn. of phytate, with optimal temp. of 47°C and optimal pH of 3.5.  Under the guidance of patatin signal peptide (PSP) of potato, the OsPHY2 expressed in tobacco could be secreted by the rhizosphere and hydrolyze the phytate into Pi, leading to a significantly more inorg. phosphate (Pi) accumulated and growth improved in plants under the condition using phytate as the sole phosphorus source.  Therefore, as one HAP type of the phytase genes, OsPHY2 plays a crit. role on the degrdn. of the phytins during the seed germination and has a potential application on the generation of elite crop germplasms with high use of efficiency of phytate and a large quantity of org. phosphate compds. in the arable land.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) Anthocyanins widely present in human diet and have a variety of health effects.  This study investigates the anticancer effects of an anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (AEBR) on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.  AEBR reduced the viability of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER(+), HER2/neu(-)), MDA-MB-231 (ER(-), HER2/neu(-)), and MDA-MB-453 (ER(-), HER2/neu(+)) and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-453 cells via the intrinsic pathway in vitro by activating caspase cascade, cleaving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and releasing cytochrome C.  Oral administration of AEBR (100 mg/kg/day) to BALB/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-453 cell xenografts significantly suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis factors MMP-9, MMP-2, and uPA in tumor tissue.  Altogether, this study suggests the anticancer effects of AEBR against human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis.

2) This study is carried out to determine the potential of phytic acid extracted from rice bran in the suppression of colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats.  Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 12 rats in each group.  The intended rats for cancer treatment received two intraperitoneal injections of AOM in saline (15mg/kg bodyweight) over a 2-week period.  The treatments of phytic acid were given in two concentrations: 0.2% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v) during the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis phase via drinking water.  The colons of the animals were analyzed for detection and quantification of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) after 8 weeks of treatment.  The finding showed treatment with 0.2% (w/v) extract phytic acid (EPA) gave the greatest reduction in the formation of ACF.  In addition, phytic acid significantly suppressed the number of ACF in the distal, middle and proximal colon as compared to AOM alone (p<0.05).  For the histological classification of ACF, treatment with 0.5% (w/v) commercial phytic acid (CPA) had the highest percentage (71%) of non-dysplastic ACF followed by treatment with 0.2% (w/v) EPA (61%).  Administration of phytic acid also reduced the incidence and multiplicity of total tumors even though there were no significant differences between groups.  In conclusion, this study found the potential value of phytic acid extracted from rice bran in reducing colon cancer risk in rats.

Patente extraída del Chemical Abstracts= Patent extrated from the Database Chemical Abstracts
 
Extract and peptides derived from oryza sativa japonica group and uses thereof.      Wormser, Uri.  (Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Ltd., Israel).    PCT Int. Appl.  (2011),     57pp.  CODEN: PIXXD2  WO  2011128884  A1  20111020  Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ.  Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG.  Patent  written in English.    Application: WO  2010-IL521  20100629.  Priority: US  2010-322857P  20100411.  AN 2011:1337710    CAPLUS   (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))  

The invention relates to isolated peptides derived from Oryza sativa Japonica Group, pharmaceutical compns. comprising same, and uses thereof for treating, preventing, ameliorating, and/or delaying the onset of inflammatory and/or neuroinflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases or conditions and in particular multiple sclerosis.  The invention further relates to exts. from Oryza sativa Japonica Group and use thereof as a dietary supplement or in a pharmaceutical compn. for treating, preventing, ameliorating, and/or delaying the onset of inflammatory, and/or inflammatory, neuroinflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases or conditions.  The peptides and the ext. of the invention may be used for treating, ameliorating, and/or delaying the onset or preventing multiple sclerosis.

Fruit: Rice grains are cooked and consumed to treat impotence, and the rice-water given as a treatment for children's bedwetting.

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Origin

Cultivated all over India as a food crop.

Action:

Rice-water (a water decoction of rice)—demulcent and refrigerant in febrile and inflammatory diseases and in dysuria. Also used as a vehicle for compound preparations used for gynaecological disorders. It is regarded as cooling in haematemesis and epistaxis, and as diuretic.

1) Fitoterapia : vademecum de prescripción. 4ta. ed. Barcelona : Masson, 2003, p. 129.

2) LI, Ruijuan, et al. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of OsPHY2, a phytase gene classified in histidine acid phosphatase type in rice (Oryza sativa L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011, vol.10, nº54, p.11110-11123.
 
3) HUI, Chang, et al. Anticancer activities of an anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition and cancer. 2010, vol.62, nº8, p.1128-1136.
 
4) NORAZALINA, S., et al.  Anticarcinogenic efficacy of phytic acid extracted from rice bran on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie. 2010, vol.62, nº3, p.259-268.

5) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p  456.