PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Planta entera. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Se emplea como calmantes y como estomacal. 

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Chemicals 11-HYDROXYGUAIENE Plant: JSG ; ALKALOID Plant: WOI ; AMBROSIN Plant: ABS ; BETULIN Leaf: JAD ; DIHYDROISOPARTHENIN Plant: JSG ; ISOGUAIENE Plant: JSG ; PARTHENICIN Plant: WOI ; PARTHENIN Plant: WOI ; QUERCETAGETIN-3,7-DIMETHYL-ETHER Plant: JSG ; ppm = parts per million tr = trace (2)

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Uruguay. 

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Parte empleada: todo.
Usos: reumas.
Preparación: hervir dos matas en tres litros de agua y untar en las zonas afectadas.

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs

Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed native to tropical and subtropical America. Since its introduction into China in 1926, this weed has been limited to southern areas (18-25N). However, new populations were recently reported in Shandong (35N). The origin of this geog. isolated population remains unclear. In this study, we used inter simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA sequence markers (trnQ-5'rps16) to investigate the genetic structure of 18 invading populations of P. hysterophorus and to examine the genetic relationship of Shandong and southern populations. Our data show that Shandong population is genetically different and has apparently higher levels of genetic diversity than most populations in southern China. Both neighbor-joining clustering and principal coordination anal. clearly sepd. Shandong from other populations. Chloroplast DNA sequence anal. further confirmed that the Shandong population was characterised by a unique haplotype that was not found in southern populations. We conclude that the population in Shandong may have been independently introduced from areas outside China. As P. hysterophorus has a broad potential distribution in China, attention should be paid to both international and domestic quarantine to prevent new introductions and curtail the possible hybridization and gene flow between populations in different regions.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) A greenhouse expt. was conducted to study the role of plant growth regulators, a chelating agent, and plant growth-promoting bacteria in lead (Pb) phytoextn. and their subsequent effect on the weed plant, Parthenium hysterophorus.  Gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used as the foliar spray.  Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) was applied in split doses.  Bacillus and Rhizobium strains were used as a single culture and as co-cultures.  The accumulation of Pb in different parts of the plant was analyzed by using an at. absorption spectrophotometer.  The amt. of lead translocation and accumulation in the stems and leaves was significantly higher in the hormonal and EDTA treatments, while the microbial treatments showed no significant difference in the amt. of Pb translocation into the stems and leaves, when compared to the control.  The EDTA increased the amt. of translocation into the shoots, but the dry biomass declined and subsequently reduced the total Pb phytoextn.  The GA3 treatment showed the max. total Pb accumulation, along with a higher dry biomass.  The microbial co-inoculated plants showed a significant increase in their dry biomass but the Pb accumulation did not increase like with the GA3 and IAA treatments.  These findings encourage the use of the GA3 application for Pb phytoextn. by P. hysterophorus.  One important feature of this weed plant is its unpalatable nature to herbivores, which could help in reducing the entrance of Pb into the food chain.  Gibberellic acid is environmentally friendly compared to EDTA; therefore, more investigation of GA3 and P. hysterophorus is required.

2) Two novel saponins and a 13-nor-pseudoguaianolide designated as hysterolactone were isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus.  The two saponins were found to be potent inhibitors of TNF-alpha.  Their mode of inhibition was studied through mol. modeling.  The wet lab results were in concordance with the data obtained from docking expts.

3) Parthenium hysterophorus is a common annual herbaceous weed and aggressively colonizes all the places.  This paper describes isolation of dye (.apprx. 13%) from its aerial parts.  The silk, wool and cotton samples dyed using the dye exhibited varying colorfastness properties.

Herb 60 cm, pathside, San Andres.

Uses: tie whole plant around the waist for exhaustion. Comerford 103, 31 Oct 1994.

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Origin

Tropical and subtropical countries of the world.

Action:

Anti-amoebic, antidysenteric, febrifuge, analgesic, emmenagogue.

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Origin

Jamaica

Folk medicinal uses

Some of the old writers, including Browne, speak of the use of this herb in resolutive baths and infusions and for treatment of wounds. Country people use it to prepare a decoction for colds and to make a bath for fleas on dogs.

1) GONZALEZ, Matías ; LOMBARDO, Atilio ; VALLARINO, Aida.  Plantas de la medicina vulgar del Uruguay. Montevideo : Talleres Gráficos, 1937, p.128.
 
3) TANG, S. Q.; WEI, F.; ZENG, L. Y.; LI, X. K.; TANG, S. C.; ZHONG, Y.; GENG, Y.-P. Multiple introductions are responsible for the disjunct distributions of invasive Parthenium hysterophorus in China: evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA. Weed Research. 2009,vol.49, nº4, p.373-380.
 
4) HADI, Fazal; BANO, Asghari. Utilization of Parthenium hysterophorus for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil. Weed Biology and Management. 2009, vol.9, nº4, p.307-314.
 
5) SHAH, Bhahwal Ali; et al. Saponins as novel TNF-alpha  inhibitors: Isolation of saponins and a nor-pseudoguaianolide from Parthenium hysterophorus.  Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 2009, vol.7, nº16, p.3230-3235.
 
6) DAYAL, Rameshwar; et al. Natural dye from Parthenium hysterophorus. Colourage. 2008, vol.55, nº8, Suppl, p.75-78.

7) COMERFORD, Simon C. Economic Botany. vol. 50 . -- p. 327 - 336 1996

8) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p  466.

9) Asprey, G.F; Phylis Thornton/ Medicinal plants of Jamaica. Parts I & II. – p. 10.