PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: los frutos y las flores.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: laxante, aperitivo, antifúngica, purgante, antihelmética.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: Infisión  (flores): una cucharada de postre por taza. Tres taza al día. Aceite : uso alimentario. Arquenios: 10 g/día como purgante.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Frutos; aceite 23%, con abundantes glicériados de ácidos grasos instaurados; linoleico 79 %, oleico15 %.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Asia central  y sur, America del norte y del sur

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs
 

The F1 and F2 progenies of eight-parent diallel crosses were used to investigate the mode of inheritance of fatty acids, oil, and protein in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds.  The results indicated significant differences among the parents for general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA).  Relatively high narrow-sense heritability was estd. for fatty acids including linoleic (0.84), oleic (0.77), palmitic (0.61), and stearic (0.6) acids.  The high narrow-sense heritability and the high ratio of GCA/SCA mean squares for all the fatty acids investigated indicate the important role of additive gene action in controlling these traits.  In our expt., however, low narrow-sense heritability was obtained for oil (0.37) and protein (0.28) contents.  Furthermore, the ests. of genetic variance components proposed the importance of non-additive genetic effects that contribute to variation in oil and protein content.  The overall results indicated that K21 ´ Mex.22-191 cross could be employed for the prodn. of high oil yielding and high oleic acid safflower lines in breeding programs.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs


1) Seedlings of two Tunisian Carthamus tinctorius L. provenances (Kairouan and Tazarka) differing in salt sensitivity were hydroponically grown at 0 and 50 mM NaCl over 21 days.  Leaves of Kairouan (salt-sensitive) showed a 48% restriction in their growth at 50 mM NaCl although they accumulated less sodium than those of Tazarka (less salt-sensitive) that maintained an unchanged growth.  Salt treatment induced oxidative stress in C. tinctorius and the effect was more pronounced in the leaves of the more salt sensitive provenance, Kairouan.  Both provenances exhibited a stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities with higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in Tazarka and higher peroxidase (POD) activity in Kairouan.  But, it seems that antioxidant activities were more correlated with polyphenol content.  Actually, leaves of Tazarka experienced higher polyphenol and antioxidant activity than Kairouan at 50 mM NaCl.  Hence, moderate salinity (3 g NaCl L-1) enhanced bioactive mol. yield in the less salt sensitive provenance, Tazarka.  In addn., C. tinctorius was found rich in ascorbic acid, but the moderate salt stress enhanced its prodn. only in the sensitive provenance.

2) Effect of increasing (0.0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 %) concns. of NaCl and Na2SO4 was studied on protein profile during germination in Carthamus tinctorius L. Cv. Bhima. by using 2-Dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.  The preliminary results indicated that at all NaCl concns. no. of polypeptides was same indicating that there is no synthesis of new polypeptide under NaCl stress.  However, under Na2SO4 salinizations, there were changes in synthesis of individual bands.  At control and low concns. of salinity, the bands are indistinct.  At all other concns., distinct appearance of band indicates synthesis of new polypeptide under sulfate salinity when compared to control.

3) BACKGROUND: The protein isolate obtained from safflower meal by aq. extn. and ultrafiltration was evaluated for its physicochem. and functional properties.  RESULTS: Protein, ash and moisture contents of the safflower protein isolate were 901, 51 and 45 g kg-1 resp.  Its water and oil absorption capacities were 2.22 mL H2O g-1 protein and 2.77 mL oil g-1 protein resp.  Least gelation concn. was 20 g kg-1 at pH 2, 6, 8 and 10 but 100 g kg-1 at pH 4.  Emulsifying properties were also affected by the pH: emulsifying activity and emulsion stability at pH 6 were 82.5 and 100% resp.  The highest foaming capacity (126%) occurred at pH 2; however, it increased by 104% with the addn. of 0.25 g glucose g-1 protein to the foam system.  CONCLUSION: In the light of its functional properties found in this study, safflower protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration is recommended for use as an ingredient in food products such as salad dressing, meat products, mayonnaise, cakes, ice cream and desserts.  Copyright Ó 2010 Society of Chem. Industry.

Patente extraída de Chemical Abstracts= Extracted patent of the Database Chemical Abstracts

 
 Genes affecting plant growth and crop yields and their use in crop improvement.      Hatzfeld, Yves; Reuzeau, Christophe.  (BASF Plant Science Company GmbH, Germany; BASF (China) Company Limited).    PCT Int. Appl.  (2011),     174pp.  CODEN: PIXXD2  WO  2011114305  A1  20110922  Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ.  Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG.  Patent  written in English.    Application: WO  2011-IB51122  20110317.  Priority: EP  2010-156949  20100318; US  2010-315092P  20100318; EP  2010-160901  20100423; US  2010-327119P  20100423; EP  2010-167179  20100624; US  2010-358023P  20100624.  CAN 155:452826    AN 2011:1196711    CAPLUS   (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))  

Three proteins that play a role in plant growth and that can be used to modify agronomically important traits and improve crop yields are identified.  The proteins are CLE domain type 2 proteins that play a role in regulating seed fill, Bax inhibitor (BI) proteins affecting plant responses to stress, and SEC22 proteins modulating transport processes.  Modifying expression of the genes for these proteins may be used to improve crop yields.

Uses
Leaf: Considered bitter and sweet, with heating properties, can cause loose bowels but are known for promoting good vision, digestion, gall bladder function, and phlegm discharge. The leaves are consumed in a sour soup (fish or shrimp stock base, tamarind, and vegetables) to promote the flow of urine and to give vigor.

Flower: Juice from the crushed flowers is taken to neutralize snake and scorpion venoms. Pulverized dried flowers are used as a remedy for jaundice. A mixture of crushed flowers and sugar is given to cure hemorrhoids and kidney stones. The boiled water extract of flowers is used to treat inflammation of nasal passages, as well as joint and muscle aches. A mix­ture of the flowers crushed with dan-gyi (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) leaves is applied to the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands to cure kidney stones.

Seed: Known for imparting strength and energy. Pulverized to a powder, they are taken with milk to cure madness, as well as itches and rashes. The ash from burning a combination of the seeds and the bark from hsu byu (Thevetia peruviana) is mixed with jasmine oil and applied to the hair to promote growth and healthy texture.

Root: Can be used as a diuretic.

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Origin:
Cultivated mainly as an oil-seed crop in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra.

Action:
Oil—aids prevention of arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease and kidney disorders as a polyunsaturated fat.
Flowers— stimulant, sedative, diuretic, emmenagogue; used in fevers and eruptive skin conditions, measles. Charred safflower oil is used in rheumatism and for healing sores.

1) Fitoterapia : vademecum de prescripción.  4ª  ed.  Barcelona : Masson, 2003, p.25

2) GOLKAR, P.; ARZANI, A.; REZAEI, A. M. Genetic Analysis of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2011, vol.88, nº7, p.975-982.
 
3) KARRAY-BOURAOUI, et al.  Different antioxidant responses to salt stress in two different provenances of Carthamus tinctorius L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2011, vol.33, nº4, p.1435-1444.
 
4) PATIL, N. M. Synthesis of stress proteins in Carthamus tinctorius L. Cv. Bhima. under salt stress. World Journal of Science and Technology. 2011, vol.1, nº7, p.43-48.
 
5) ULLOA, Jose A.; ROSAS-ULLOA, Petra; ULLOA-RANGEL, Blanca E. Physicochemical and functional properties of a protein isolate produced from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) meal by ultrafiltration.  Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2011, vol.91, nº3, p.572-577.

6) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

7) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p. 836.