PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: La raiz, el rizoma y las hojas

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Astringente, anticéptico y antiflamatorio.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: Decocción , 30 g/l, hervir 10 minutos. Tres o cuatro tazas al día. En uso externo: decocción, aplicada en forma de lociones, compresas, colutorios, gargarismos, instilaciones, colirios o baños oculares o irrigaciones .

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Abundantes taninos catéquicos, trazas de aceite esencial.

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

The phylogeny of Rosoideae was investigated using 44 species.  Here we report new sequence data from the chloroplast trnL/F region as well as an increased sample of species.  The anal. of these new data, along with previously used data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), significantly increased resoln. as well as confidence for Rosoideae phylogeny.  Using both Bayesian inference and parsimony methods, we conducted analyses on the data sets sep. and in combination.  The resulting phylogenies are congruent with all well-supported clades of Rosoideae found in previous analyses of ITS or rbcL data.  The support for these and other clades is improved, and we consider several clades to be supported well enough to be named.  The following clades are given phylogenetic definitions: Sanguisorbeae and its subclades Agrimoniinae and Sanguisorbinae, Potentilleae and its subclades Fragariinae and Potentilla, Roperculina (Rosa + Sanguisorbeae + Potentilleae), and Sanpotina (Sanguisorbeae + Potentilleae).  Potentilla includes the Potentilla anserina clade (Argentina) in our trnL/F and combined analyses, but this relationship is not resolved by ITS alone.  The previously used genera Duchesnea (Potentilla indica), Horkelia, and Ivesia are strongly supported as nested within Potentilla.  Comarum (Potentilla palustris and Potentilla salesowianum), Sibbaldiopsis (Potentilla tridentata), Dasiphora (Potentilla fruticosa), and Drymocallis (Potentilla arguta) join Alchemilla, Aphanes, Sibbaldia, Chamaerhodos, and Fragaria in the well-supported Fragariinae clade outside of Potentilla.  The monophyly of both Potentilleae and Sanguisorbeae is well supported, and the clades correspond to previously named tribes with the exception of Alchemilla and its segregate Aphanes, which are nested within Potentilleae instead of in Sanguisorbeae.  The position of Rubus is still not securely resolved.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) Several ethnomedicinal plant remedies used in Pinarbasi, Kayseri, in particular those which are used for the treatment of several peptic ulcer symptoms such as stomach ache, heartburn, etc. were selected for evaluation of their anti-ulcerogenic potential.  In order to confirm the claimed activities, decoctions were prepared from aerial parts of Malva neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae), leaves of Potentilla reptans L. (Rosaceae), fruits of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae), aerial parts of Sanguisorba minor Scop. ssp. muricata (Spach) Briq. (Rosaceae), aerial parts of Sideritis caesarea Duman, Aytac&Baser (Lamiaceae), and flowers of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss var. cheiranthifolium (Scrophulariaceae) according to their described folkloric applications.  Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the extracts of all plants given orally showed significant gastric protection against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.  Furthermore, healing effects were also confirmed through histopathological examination.

2) Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from five plant species used in Turkish traditional medicine were evaluated for in vivo hypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities: Agrostemma githago L., Potentilla reptans L., Thymbra spicata var. spicata L., Urtica dioica L. and Viscum album var. album L.  We assayed the effects of the administration of plant extracts on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, AST and ALT concentrations in mice fed with cholesterol-rich diet.  In addition, plasma TAA, MDA and NO(x) levels in the same animals were assayed.  All the aqueous plant extracts did not affect the serum cholesterol concentration.  However, the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata and Viscum album decreased the serum cholesterol concentration in the mice fed with high-cholesterol diet without inducing any gastric damage.  The ethanolic extracts of Thymbra spicata, Viscum album, Potentilla reptans and Urtica dioica and the aqueous extract of Agrostemma githago increased the serum HDL concentration, whereas the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata, Viscum album and Urtica dioica decreased the serum LDL-C concentration.  Thymbra spicata and Viscum album were observed to decrease the serum triglyceride concentration.  Among the plant extracts studied, the ethanolic extracts of Thymbra spicata significantly decreased the MDA level in mice.  The ethanolic extract of Potentilla reptans increased in NO(x).  None of these plants showed statistically prominent activity on plasma TAA.  Results of the present study indicated that the ethanolic extracts of Agrostemma githago, Thymbra spicata and Viscum album showed potent hypocholesterolaemic activity in the mice fed with a diet containing high-cholesterol.

1) Fitoterapia: vademecum de prescripción. 4ª. ed. Barcelona: Masson, 2003,p.187.

2) ERIKSSON, Torsten, et al. The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL/F region of chloroplast DNA. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2003, vol.164, nº2, p.197-211.
 
3) GURBUZ, Ilhan, et al. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey). Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005, vol.101, nº1-3, p.313-318.
 
4) AVCI, Gulcan, et al. Antihypercholesterolaemic and antioxidant activity assessment of some plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006, vol.107, nº3, p.418-423.