PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Los frutos

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: antidiarreico y cicatrizante

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: 2-4 g/dia de droga o el equivalente en otras preparaciones.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Taninos, acidos organicos, sacarosa, pectinagoma; flavonoides: rutósido, hiperosidos, quercitosido, pruniciamida (pigmento).

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: España

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

In the present study, phenotypic variability of 80 plum (Prunus domestica L.) varieties maintained in the French National Plum Collection was evaluated with 19 quant. traits.  In addn., genetic diversity and genetic structure was studied in three plum species (P. domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus spinosa L.) using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers and five single sequence repeat (SSR) loci.  Based on phenotypic traits, some varieties, such as mirabelle plums, grouped together.  Bayesian structure anal. was used to identify different genetic groups, whereby damson plums were clearly distinguished from greengage plums.  When examg. the three species together, a higher level of cpDNA allelic richness was found in P. cerasifera and in P. spinosa than in P. domestica where only five cpDNA haplotypes were detected in the national plum collection, with one main haplotype that accounted for 80% of the varieties studied.  P. domestica cpDNA haplotypes tended to group together with P. cerasifera haplotypes whereas most of P. spinosa haplotypes formed a sep. cluster.  SSR markers were somewhat able to distinguish the three species.  These results provide some clues as to the origin of plum and the various plum varieties.  Our results also provide useful information for the management of plum genetic resources.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

The purpose of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of fresh juice from Prunus spinosa L. fruit (Rosaceae) growing wild in Urbino (central Italy) by using different in vitro anal. methods: 5-lipoxygenase test, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity).  BHT, Trolox, and ascorbic acid were used as ref. antioxidant compds.  In the 5-lipoxygenase test the fresh fruit juice of P. spinosa showed a good antioxidant activity when compared to Trolox; in the DPPH test the samples showed IC50 values that were comparable to ascorbic acid, while the ORAC value was 36.02 mmol eq. Trolox/g of fruit.  These values are in accord with data reported in the literature for small fruits such as vaccinium, rubus and ribes.  The antioxidant activity of red berries is correlated with the anthocyanin content.  The results of this study indicate that the three most representative anthocyanins in sloe fruit juice (cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside) contribute in varying amts. to the antioxidant properties.

1) Fitoterapia: vademecum de prescripción. 4ª. ed. Barcelona: Masson, 2003,215 p.

2) HORVATH, Aniko, et al. Phenotypic variability and genetic structure in plum (Prunus domestica L.), cherry plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and sloe (P. spinosa L.). Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2011, vol.129, nº2, p.283-293.
 
3) FRATERNALE, D., et al. Antioxidant activity of Prunus spinosa L. fruit juice. Italian Journal of Food Science. 2009, vol.21, nº3, p.337-346.