PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Partes aéreas. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Carminativo, antiespasmódico, antiinflamatorio, tónico amargo, febrífugo, anthistérico, estimulante aromático, estomacal, hepática, eupéptico, para el tratamiento de la gonorrea. 

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: La infusión de los extremos del tallo que incluyen las flores(hojas y capitulos)es estomacal. Se la consume también en el mate. Infusión al 1-2 %.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: En parte aérea: 5,7,3`-4-tetrahidroxi-3,6,8-trimetoxi-flavona, centaureidina, crisofenol D, ácidos clorogénico, isoclorogénico, y cafeico. Aceite esencial: (+)-canfeno, (+)-alcanfor, humuleno, (+)-alfa-pineno, beta-pineno, (+)-limoneno, 1,8-cineol, p-cimeno, metilheptenona, citronelol, alfa-terpineol linalol, (-)-alcanfor, acetato de bomilo, cariofileno, alfa-terpineol, borneol, acetato de geraniol, alfa-tujeno; eudesmanos, y resorcinol. La planta entera contiene cumarina, pirocatequina, pirocatecol, floroglucinol, pirogalol y quercitrina. El screening fitoquímico demuestra la presencia de aceite esencial, HCN, leucoantocianinas, saponinas, esteroles y taninos.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Argentina y Uruguay. 

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabr., a popular medicinal herb grown in South America, was studied for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.  The anti-edema action of P. sagittalis aq. ext. was assayed in different models of inflammation: 1) the mouse ear edema test induced by arachidonic acid and croton oil; 2) the rat hind-paw edema test produced by several inflammatory inductors: carrageenan, dextran, zymosan, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid; 3) a subacute model based on the rat carrageenan air-pouch granuloma test.  Blood leukocyte free radical prodn. was measured by flow cytometry with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) in vivo, in rats with induced air-pouch granuloma, and in a model in vitro, stimulating leukocytes with hydrogen peroxide.  The aq. ext. of P. sagittalis showed a marked anti-inflammatory effect in both ear edema tests, dextran and carrageenan hind-paw edemas and carrageenan air-pouch model.  It also had a potent antioxidant activity in blood leukocytes, both in vivo and in vitro.  Our results correlate the redn. of free radical prodn. with the anti-inflammatory effect of this plant.

2) Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids 3alpha-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4alpha-formoxy-11-hydroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one (1) and 3alpha-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4alpha,7alpha,11-trihydroxyeudesman-8-one (2), together with 10 known structurally related eudesmanes were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of aerial parts of Pluchea sagittalis (Lamarck) Cabrera.  Their structures were deduced by extensive application of 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and high and low resolution CIMS.  X-ray crystallographic analysis of the known compound 3alpha-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-4alpha-formoxycuauthemone (9) is reported here for the first time, and confirms the structural features for the series of the reported eudesmanes.  All eudesmanes were tested for their antifeedant activity by incorporating them to an artificial diet of larvae of the polyphagous insect Spodoptera frugiperda at a concentration of 100ppm.  Our results, from feeding choice tests, indicated that most of the compounds deter larval feeding at the cited concentration.

Uses: intimate part irtching.                                                 

Origin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.               

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Summary
Wingstem is a popular medicinal herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae, and is known by the botanical name of Pluchea sagittalis. This species is native to South America, and is widespread throughout Southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Northeastern, Northwestern, and Central regions) and Uruguay. The infusion of the aerial parts is considered sedative, cholagogue, choleretic, antispasmodic, febrifuge, and effective against gonorrhea. Pharmacological studies have shown that P. sagittalis possesses cholagogue, choleretic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities.

1) 270 (doscientos setenta) plantas medicinales iberoamericanas. Santiago de Bogotá : CYTED-SECAB, 1995, 617p.

2) PEREZ-GARCIA, Francisco, et al. Anti-inflammatory action of Pluchea sagittalis: involvement of an antioxidant mechanism. Life Sciences . 1996, Vol.59, nº24, p.2033-2040.
 
3) VERA, Nancy, et al. Eudesmanes from Pluchea sagittalis. Their antifeedant activity on Spodoptera frugiperda. Phytochemistry . 2008, Vol.69, nº8, p.1689-1694.

4) ALONSO, Jorge ; DESMARCHELIER, Cristian. Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina : bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud.  Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A, 2005, p. 593.

5) ALONSO PAZ, Eduardo ; BASSAGODA, María Julia ; FERREIRA, Fernando. Yuyos : uso racional de las plantas medicinales. 2da. ed. Montevideo : Fin de siglo, 2007, 222 p.150

6) Geraldini , Isanete, Journal of Ethnopharmacology v. 173, 2015 . -- p. 383-423

7) Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina. Bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud / Jorge Alonso y Cristian Jorge Desmarchelier. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Corpus Libros Médicos y Científicos, 2015.