PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: La planta entera, pero generalmente las hojas frescas.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Depurativa, sedante de los estados nerviosos, antiescorbútica y antiafrodisíaca. Esta última propiedad procede de una creencia popular muy antigua, incluso esotérica, que establece que esta planta hace desaparecer los efectos de la mente excitada por el deseo libidinoso. Esta idea perduró durante siglos. La planta pasó a ser cultivada en los conventos, allá por el SVII, con el fin de pacificar la mente de los frailes y alejarles de todo atisbo de pensamiento sexual. Antiguamente los peregrinos la empleaban como planta calmante de la excitación. A raíz del comienzo de su cultivo en los conventos tomó el nombre de <<hierba de los canónigos>>.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: Depurativa de la sangre (purificación de la sangre. Poner a hervir en un recipiente 100g de la planta entera fresca en 1 litro de agua. Hervir durante 5 minutos. Dejar reposar durante 15 minutos y colar. Agregar 100g de miel de romero. Tomar 3 o 4 vasitos durante el día, fuera de las comidas. Seguir el tratamiento durante 9 días. 

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Caminos de Santiago.

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES:
 
An investigation into the phylogenetic variation of plant tolerance and the root and shoot uptake of org. contaminants was undertaken.  The aim was to det. if particular families or genera were tolerant of, or accumulated org. pollutants.  Data were collected from sixty-nine studies.  The variation between expts. was accounted for using a residual max. likelihood anal. to approx. means for individual taxa.  A nested ANOVA was subsequently used to det. differences at a no. of differing phylogenetic levels.  Significant differences were obsd. at a no. of phylogenetic levels for the tolerance to TPH, the root concn. factor and the shoot concn. factor.  There was no correlation between the uptake of org. pollutants and that of heavy metals.  The data indicate that plant phylogeny is an important influence on both the plant tolerance and uptake of org. pollutants.  If this study can be expanded, such information can be used when designing plantings for phytoremediation or risk redn. during the restoration of contaminated sites.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES

1) The influence of a low-pressure oxygen glow discharge plasma on secondary metabolites of lamb's lettuce was examd.  After extn. and hydrolysis the compds. were analyzed by means of RP-HPLC.  Whereas pure compds. showed a time-dependent degrdn. (flavonoids) or remained unchanged (phenolic acids), the exposure of lamb's lettuce to the oxygen plasma led to a significant increase of protocatechuic acid, luteolin, and diosmetin after 120 s treatment time, independent of the applied plasma driving voltage.  Contact angle (CA) measurements show an increased wettability of adaxial leaf surfaces after plasma exposure.  A successive degrdn. of epicuticular waxes and cutin of the plant's epidermis has been indicated by means of FTIR (ATR) and SEM.  These findings suggest that reactive species in the plasma play a crucial role for the obsd. changes upon exposure to non-thermal plasma.

2) Lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta), as a leafy vegetable, has no significant pool of carbohydrates or other respiratory substrates.  Thus the photosynthetic carbohydrates built up during pre-harvest are the only source of respiratory substrates.  Aim of the present study was to evaluate carbohydrate contents of lamb's lettuce during postharvest.  During 5 days storage of lamb's lettuce at 20 °C, the contents of glucose and fructose were almost const., while sucrose declined rapidly.  Lamb's lettuce stored for 8 days at 0-30°C showed a similar pattern.  The higher the storage temp. the earlier sucrose declined whereas glucose and fructose remained const. at low temps. and only started to decline at storage temps. higher than 10°C.  Carbon losses calcd. on the base of CO2 prodn. were compared to carbon losses calcd. based on the measured levels of sucrose, fructose and glucose.  As a result we found a ratio of nearly 1 straight after harvest, linearly declining during subsequent storage at 20°C.

3) Mesophyll protoplasts from leaves of V. locusta were subjected to supraoptimal temps. (39-48°).  Subsequently, net photosynthetic rate (PN) and plasmalemma integrity of whole protoplasts, various photosynthetic reactions of chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes liberated from heat-treated protoplasts, and activities of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (I), were measured.  Initial depression of PN after mild heating was neither caused by diminution in radiant energy-dependent energy conservation nor by inhibition of light activation of I.  At more severe thermal stress, progressive inactivation of radiant energy-induced thylakoid membrane reactions, such as proton gradient and, thereby, photophosphorylation, contributed to heat-induced inhibition of PN.  Simultaneously, a decrease in radiant energy activation of I took place; I itself was heat stable.  Significant leakage of electrolytes from heat-treated protoplasts, indicating increased permeability of plasmalemma and tonoplast, was not obsd. until CO2-dependent O2 evolution was completely inhibited.

Patente extraída del Chemical Abstracts= Patent extrated from the Database Chemical Abstracts
 
Generation of plants with improved pathogen resistance.      Wagner, Ry D.; Bonneau, Caroline.  (Agronomics Llc., USA).    PCT Int. Appl.  (2008),     58pp.  CODEN: PIXXD2  WO  2008054890  A1  20080508  Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ.  Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, PT, SE, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG.  Patent  written in English.    Application: WO  2007-US71146  20070613.  Priority: US  2006-813637P  20060613.  CAN 148:488286    AN 2008:552493    CAPLUS   (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))  

The present disclosure is directed to plants that display a modified pathogen resistance phenotype (e.g., increased fungal resistance) due to altered expression of a FU nucleic acid.  The invention is further directed to methods of generating plants with a modified pathogen resistance phenotype.

1) ALFARO, Txumari, Plantas y remedios naturales de los caminos de santiago. Barcelona: B.S.A. 2008, p. 112.

2) COLLINS, Chris D.; WILLEY, Neil J. Phylogenetic variation in the tolerance and uptake of organic contaminants. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2009, Vol.11, nº7, p.623-639.
 
3) GRZEGORZEWSKI, Franziska, et al. Surface morphology and chemical composition of lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta) after exposure to a low-pressure oxygen plasma.  Food Chemistry. 2010, Vol.122, nº4, p.1145-1152.
 
4)  ENNINGHORST, A.; LIPPERT, F.  Postharvest changes in carbohydrate content of Lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta).  Acta Horticulturae. 2003, Vol.604, nº2, p.553-558.
 
5)  SANTARIUS, K. A.; EXNER, Maria; Thebud-Lassak, Regina. Effects of high temperature on the photosynthetic apparatus in isolated mesophyll protoplasts of Valerianella locusta. Photosynthetica. 1991, Vol.25, nº1, p.17-26.