Throughout India in humid regions, up to 2,430 m.

Action:

Root—astringent and styptic; prescribed for diarrhoea, haematuria.

Bark—analgesic.

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Origin

Africa

Folk medicinal uses

Bark - A bark decoction or concoction is a common cough syrup, sometimes used as.a vermifuge. A bark infusion is drunk to control dysentery.

Leaves - A concoction of the leaves is also used as a vermifuge. Powdered leaves have

been found to be bitter. A leaf decoction is given to dogs as an anthelmintic.

Bark and Leaves - Both a bark and a leaf decoction is used as a gargle. inhalation, drink, lotion, bath, or vapour bath, for coughs, sore throat, asthma bronchitis, gonorrhoea, yellow fever, toothache, as a vermifuge, and is known to have antiplasmodic properties.