{"tema_id":"6904","string":"Pimpinella anisum L.","created":"2010-11-05 10:47:17","code":null,"notes":[{"@type":"Nota de alcance","@lang":"es","@value":"DIVERSIDAD GEN\u00c9TICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES: \n\nHydro-distd. essential oils from fruits, aerial parts (without fruits) and roots of Pimpinella species native to Turkey and their phylogenetic relationships to one another were examd.\u00a0 Phytochem. investigation of the essential oils of 19 species resulted in isolation of 16 phenylpropanoids, four sesquiterpenes and two azulene-type norsesquiterpenes.\u00a0 The structures of the isolated compds. were detd. primarily from 1D- and 2D-NMR expts. as well as liq. chromatog.-mass spectrometry and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry.\u00a0 Phylogenetic relationships among 26 species were evaluated using ITS 1, ITS 4 nuclear rDNA and psbA-trnH cpDNA sequences.\u00a0 In this study, significance and occurrence of phenylpropanoids, azulenes and geijerenes are discussed from a phylogenetic, chem. and biosynthetic perspective.\u00a0 The distribution of different classes of compds. and their putative assocns. with one another as per current knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways indicates that this information, in conjunction with the phylogeny, could provide valuable information regarding the presence and perhaps evolution of the different classes of compds.\u00a0 Anal. of the phenylpropanoid components indicates that (E)-anethole is an obligatory intermediate of this pathway.\u00a0 The various Pimpinella species differ primarily in their ability to acylate anethole, suggesting that while the pathway leading to anethole is common to this genus, species differ in their enzymic machinery leading to acylate.\u00a0 The relationship between azulenes and geijerenes is not as intuitive, but all Pimpinella species analyzed in this study have the biochem. machinery required to synthesize these chem. classes."},{"@type":"Nota de alcance","@lang":"es","@value":"\u00daLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QU\u00cdMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOL\u00d3GICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES\n\n1) Three antiviral and immunostimulating substances (LC1, LC2 and LC3) were isolated from a hot water ext. of seeds of Pimpinella anisum by combination of anion-exchange, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction column chromatogs.\u00a0 Chem. and spectroscopic analyses revealed them to be lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes.\u00a0 These lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCs) showed antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and measles virus.\u00a0 LCs were also found to interfere with virus adsorption to the host cell surface and directly inactivate viruses.\u00a0 Furthermore, they enhanced nitric oxide (NO) prodn. by inducing iNOS mRNA and protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells.\u00a0 The induced mRNA expression of cytokines including IL-1b and IL-10 was also apparent.\u00a0 These results suggest that the lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from P. anisum possessed potency as functional food ingredients against infectious diseases.\n\n2) The essential oil obtained by hydrodistn. from the fruits of Pimpinella anisum L. (green anise) and Foeniculum vulgare Miller (fennel) were analyzed by GC and GC\/MS and physicochem. properties.\u00a0 The oils of P. anisum and F. vulgare were found to be esp. rich in (E)-anethole, 96.3% and 92.7%, resp.\u00a0 The MICs were detd. by the tube diln. method against Paenibacillus larvae.\u00a0 The oils showed MICs values were 300 mg\/mL and 250 mg\/mL for P. anisum and F. vulgare, resp.\u00a0 Both oils presented great similarity in physiochem. properties values and antimicrobial activity.\n\n3) Recently, interest in plant-derived food additives has grown, mainly because of toxic effects assocd. with synthetic antioxidants.\u00a0 In the present study, the chem. compn. and antioxidant properties of essential oil and oleoresins of the seeds of anise (Pimpinella anisum) was investigated.\u00a0 Trans-anethole (90.1%) was the major component in anise oil while oleic acid was the major compd. in all the oleoresins.\u00a0 The antioxidant activities were assessed by inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidn., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Fe3+ reducing power and various lipid peroxidn. assays.\u00a0 The anise oil and its methanol oleoresin showed highest antioxidant activity, even higher than BHA and BHT.\u00a0 However, the antioxidant activities of other oleoresins were somewhat lower.\u00a0 The results obtained from various expts. clearly establish the antioxidant potency of anise oil and its methanol and ethanol oleoresins, which can be utilized for protecting fat-contg. foods."},{"@type":"Nota de alcance","@lang":"es","@value":"Patente extra\u00edda del Chemical Abstracts\n\u00a0\n\u00a0Controlled release mentholated tobacco beads.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Karles, Georgios D.; Zhuang, Shuzhong; Zeng, Yi.\u00a0 (Philip Morris USA Inc., USA).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ.\u00a0 (2011),\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11pp.\u00a0 CODEN: USXXCO\u00a0 US\u00a0 20110232657\u00a0 A1\u00a0 20110929\u00a0 Patent\u00a0 written in English.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Application: US\u00a0 2010-748259\u00a0 20100326.\u00a0 Priority: US\u00a0 2010-748259\u00a0 20100326.\u00a0 CAN 155:426759\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AN 2011:1235773\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CAPLUS\u00a0\u00a0 (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))\u00a0\u00a0 \n\nEncapsulated tobacco beads and processes of making the encapsulated tobacco beads are disclosed.\u00a0 According to an embodiment, a process of making encapsulated tobacco beads comprises mixing tobacco particles and menthol in an aq. soln. to form a wet mass; extruding the wet mass to form extrudates; spheronizing the extrudates to form tobacco beads; drying the tobacco beads; contacting the beads with a soln. comprising a cation; and introducing the contacted tobacco beads into a soln. of coating material in a concn. effective to induce ionic gelation of the coating material around the beads, to form encapsulated tobacco beads having gel coatings.\u00a0 According to another embodiment, an encapsulated tobacco bead comprises a core comprising tobacco particles and encapsulated menthol, an inner coating layer comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or pectin, and an outer coating layer comprising an ionically-crosslinked gel."},{"@type":"Nota de alcance","@lang":"en","@value":"The infusion of the fruits is reported to be carminative. The fruits are ingredients in certain dishes (Cabrera n.d.; Martinez 1969).\n----------\nWhole plant: As a carminative and vermifuge in Cayenne, French Guiana, where it is an introduced plant.\n\nFlower: Flowers are boiled and the water is drunk for treating stomachache, by the Guyana Patamona.\n\nSeed: Dry seeds are boiled and the water is drunk for wing (gas) pain, by the Guyana Patamona.\n----------\n\nOrigin\nNative\nto the Mediterranean region; cultivated in Uttar Pradesh., Punjab,\nAssamandOrissa.\nAction:\nCarminative,\ndiuretic, anticholerin, antispasmodic, expectorant. Used for\nflatulence, dry coughs, whooping cough, bronchitis."},{"@type":"Nota de alcance","@lang":"es","@value":"\nPARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Frutos.\nACCI\u00d3N FARMACOL\u00d3GICA= Pharmacological action: Carminativo, digestivo, espasmol\u00edtico, expectorante y antis\u00e9ptico.\u00a0\n\n= Posology: Via Interna : Adultos: 1-5 g de frutos triturados en 150 ml de agua como infusi\u00f3n o preparado similar, varias veces al d\u00eda . Ni\u00f1os(dosis media diaria): 0-1 a\u00f1o 1 g de frutos triturado en infusi\u00f3n u otro preparado no alcoh\u00f3lico; 1-4 a\u00f1os, 2g ; mas de 4 a\u00f1os, dosis de adultos.\nCOMPOSICI\u00d3N QU\u00cdMICA: Los frutos de an\u00eds contienen aceite esencial (2-6%), consituido principalmentepor trans-anteol (80-95 %) , responsable del olor y del sabor. Otros componentes minoritarios son : estragol (1-2 %), anisaldeh\u00eddo (menos del 1 %) e hidrocarburos sesquiterpenos( especialmente, y-himachaleno, prox. 2 %) y monoterp\u00e9nicos (menos del 1%, diferencia respecto a an\u00eds estrellado). La esencia de an\u00eds verde original se caracteriza por la presenciade hasta un 5 % del \u00e9ster 2-metibutirico del 4-metoxi-2-(1-proponil)-fenol.Otros constituyentes de la droga incluye : flavonoides, \u00e1cido fenoles, furocumarinas, hidroxicumarinas, aceite fijo.\u00a0\n\nZONA GEOGR\u00c1FICA: Asia sudoccidental.\u00a0\n--------------\nFrutos (popularmente conocidos como semillas)\n\nEfectos: antiespasm\u00f3dico, carminativo, colagogo, galact\u00f3geno.\n\nPrecauciones: a dosis altas puede resultar t\u00f3xico, por lo que debe utilizarse con moderaci\u00f3n.\n-----------------\nOrigen y ecolog\u00eda:\nParece tener origen en Egipto y Oriente Medio desde donde se extiende al mediterr\u00e1neo a Europa y a Espa\u00f1a. Introducida. Cultivada.\n\nParte utilizada:\nLos frutos\n\nPropiedades e indicaciones terap\u00e9uticas:\n- Derivadas de la experiencia de uso tradicional:\nEn la costumbre popular el anis es la infusi\u00f3n por excelensia como aperitiva, digestiva y carminativa, en todo el mundo se da a los ni\u00f1os lactantes casi desde que nacen para confortarles el est\u00f3mago y aliviarle sus c\u00f3licos o flatulencias. Sobre el aparato respiratorio se utiliza en catarros, bronquitis y asma como antiespasm\u00f3dico, expectorante y mucol\u00edtico. En algunos lugares se mezcla anis en el pienso de las vacas para aumentar su leche; tambi\u00e9n se considera galact\u00f3gena para las madres de la especie humana, en este caso parece que el anis se elimina con la leche y puede beneficiar adem\u00e1s al lactante.\n- Seg\u00fan el contenido en principios activos o ensayos farmacol\u00f3gicos:\nSe han desarrollado estudios farmacol\u00f3gicoscon aceite esencial deanis verde o con anetol que han en experimentos con animales de laboratorio los siguientes efectos: actividad antis\u00e9ptica, antimicrobiana y antimic\u00f3tica, actividad antiespasm\u00f3dica, mucol\u00edtica y expectorante; y tambi\u00e9n acci\u00f3n lactogoga o favorecedora de la secreci\u00f3n l\u00e1ctea materna, (Barnes, Joanes. Anderson. Linda A. y Phillipson, J. David, 2004). \n-------------\nEnfermedad o s\u00edntoma\nDolor de est\u00f3mago - Empacho\n\nParte utilizada\nFruto y semilla\n\nForma de preparaci\u00f3n\nInfusi\u00f3n\n\nModo de administraci\u00f3n\nV\u00eda oral\n\nOrigen\nTucum\u00e1n, Argentina\n---------------------\nClima:\nc\u00e1lido y templado. Crece entre los 0 y los 1.200\u00a0 metros sobre el nivel del mar\nPartes utilizadas:\n\u00a0hojas y semillas\nUSOS MEDICINALES \nInternos: \n- Sirve para regular los gases.\n- Regula el movimiento intestinal r\u00e1pido.\n- Ayuda a calmar los nervios. \nExternos: \n- Sirve para eliminar los piojos.\nPRECAUCIONES\nLas personas que sufran de gastritis, \u00falceras gastrointestinales, intestino irritable, colitis y p\u00e1rkinson deben abstenerse de usarla. Igualmente las personas que consuman anticonceptivos, ya sean\u00a0 orales, inyectables o\u00a0 subd\u00e9rmicos, o que est\u00e9n\u00a0 en terapia de reemplazo\u00a0 hormonal"},{"@type":"Nota bibliogr\u00e1fica","@lang":"es","@value":"\n1) Fitoterapia : vademecum de prescripcion. 4\u00aa\u00a0 ed. Barcelona : Masson, 2003, p. 122-123.\n\n2) TABANCA, Nurhayat, et al. Patterns of essential oil relationships in Pimpinella (Umbelliferae) based on phylogenetic relationships using nuclear and chloroplast sequences. Plant Genetic Resources. 2005, vol.3, n\u00ba2, p.149-169. \n\u00a0\n3) LEE, Jung-Bum, et al.\u00a0 Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 2011, vol.75, n\u00ba3, p.459-465. \n\u00a0\n4) GENDE, Liesel B., et al.\u00a0 Antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2009, vol.21, n\u00ba1, p.91-93. \n\u00a0\n5) SINGH, G., et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of essential oil and oleoresins from anise seeds (Pimpinella anisum L.). International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics. 2008, vol.2, n\u00ba3, p.122-130.\n6) ALONSO, Jorge R. Tratado de fitomedicina : bases cl\u00ednicas y farmacol\u00f3gicas. Buenos Aires : ISIS, 1998, p. 270.\n7) Nicholson Michael S. ; Arzhennithe, Charles . Economic Botany. vol. 47 . --p. 184-192 1993\n8) Robertt, A., et al.. Medicinal Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana)\/Smithsonian NMNH. cited online: 17-08-2017\n9) Hierbas medicinales\/ Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura.\u00a0 p.64\n10) Cruz Su\u00e1rez, Jorge S. \/ M\u00e1s de 100 plantas medicinaes : Medicina popular Canaria. La obra Social de Gran Canarias: Las Palmas de Gran Canarias, 2007. - 258 p.\n11) Ceballos, Sergio J.; Perea Mario C.\/ Bolet\u00edn Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Arom\u00e1ticas, vol 13, no 1, 2014. - p. 47 - 68.\n12) Khare, C.P.\/ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p\u00a0 488.\n13) Fundaci\u00f3n secretos para contar\/ Los secretos de las plantas: 50 plantas medicinales en su huerta. - Medellin: Colombia, 2014. - p.26"}]}